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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________________________________
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2023
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Numbers: 001-35591
_________________________________________________
BGC Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________________________________
Delaware86-3748217
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
499 Park Avenue, New York, NY
10022
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(212) 610-2200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
___________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading
Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par valueBGCThe Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes     ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller Reporting Company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ☐  Yes    ☒  No
On November 7, 2023, the registrant had 386,790,893 shares of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, and 109,452,953 shares of Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding.

Table of Contents
BGC GROUP, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations—For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)—For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity—For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022


Except as otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, as used herein, the terms “BGC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to: (i) following the closing of the Corporate Conversion, effective July 1, 2023, BGC Group and its consolidated subsidiaries, including BGC Partners; and (ii) prior to the effective time of the Corporate Conversion, BGC Partners and its consolidated subsidiaries. See Note 1—“Organization and Basis of Presentation” to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements herein for more information regarding the Corporate Conversion, and refer to the “Glossary of Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms” for the definitions of terms used above and throughout the remainder of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Table of Contents
GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
The following terms, abbreviations and acronyms are used to identify frequently used terms and phrases that may be used in this report:
TERMDEFINITION
2019 S-4 Registration Statement
On September 13, 2019, BGC filed a registration statement on Form S-4 with respect to the offer and sale of up to 20.0 million shares of BGC Class A common stock in connection with business combination transactions, including acquisition of other businesses, assets, properties or securities
2023 Deed of Amendment
On July 12, 2023, Mr. Windeatt executed a Deed of Amendment amending his existing Deed of Adherence with the U.K. Partnership regarding his employment
Adjusted EarningsA non-GAAP financial measure used by the Company to evaluate financial performance, which primarily excludes (i) certain non-cash items and other expenses that generally do not involve the receipt or outlay of cash and do not dilute existing stockholders, and (ii) certain gains and charges that management believes do not best reflect the ordinary results of BGC
ADVAverage daily volume
AlgomiAlgomi Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired on March 6, 2020
APIApplication Programming Interface
April 2008 distribution rights sharesCantor’s deferred stock distribution rights provided to current and former Cantor partners on April 1, 2008
AquaAqua Securities L.P., an alternative electronic trading platform, which offers new pools of block liquidity to the global equities markets and is a 49%-owned equity method investment of the Company and 51% owned by Cantor
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ASUAccounting Standards Update
Audit CommitteeAudit Committee of the Board
August 2022 Sales AgreementCEO Program sales agreement, by and between the Company and CF&Co, dated August 12, 2022, pursuant to which the Company can offer and sell up to an aggregate of $300.0 million of shares of BGC Class A common stock
BessoBesso Insurance Group Limited, formerly a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired on February 28, 2017. Sold to The Ardonagh Group on November 1, 2021 as part of the Insurance Business Disposition
BGC
(i) Following the closing of the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group and, where applicable, its consolidated subsidiaries, including BGC Partners, and (ii) prior to the closing of the Corporate Conversion, BGC Partners and, where applicable, its consolidated subsidiaries
BGC or our Class A common stockBGC Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share
BGC or our Class B common stockBGC Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share
BGC Credit Agreement
Agreement between BGC Partners and Cantor, dated March 19, 2018, and assumed by BGC Group on October 6, 2023, that provides for each party or its subsidiaries to borrow up to $250.0 million, as amended on August 6, 2018 to increase the facility to $400.0 million
BGC Entity GroupBGC Partners, BGC Holdings, BGC U.S. OpCo and their respective subsidiaries (other than, prior to the Spin-Off, the Newmark Group), collectively, and in each case as such entities existed prior to the Corporate Conversion
BGC Global OpCo
BGC Global Holdings, L.P., an operating partnership, which holds the non-U.S. businesses of BGC and which is indirectly wholly owned, following the closing of the Corporate Conversion, by BGC Group
BGC GroupBGC Group, Inc., and where applicable its consolidated subsidiaries
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TERMDEFINITION
BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes
$255.5 million principal amount of 3.750% senior notes maturing on October 1, 2024 and issued on October 6, 2023
BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes
$288.2 million principal amount of 4.375% senior notes maturing on December 15, 2025 and issued on October 6, 2023
BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes
$347.2 million principal amount of 8.000% senior notes maturing on May 25, 2028 and issued on October 6, 2023
BGC Group Equity Plan
Eighth Amended and Restated BGC Partners Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated and renamed the “BGC Group, Inc. Long Term Incentive Plan” and assumed by BGC Group in connection with the Corporate Conversion
BGC Group Incentive PlanSecond Amended and Restated BGC Partners Incentive Bonus Compensation Plan, as amended and restated and renamed the “BGC Group, Inc. Incentive Bonus Compensation Plan” and assumed by BGC Group in connection with the Corporate Conversion
BGC HoldingsBGC Holdings, L.P., an entity which, prior to the Corporate Conversion, was owned by Cantor, Founding Partners, BGC employee partners and, after the Separation, Newmark employee partners
BGC Holdings DistributionPro-rata distribution, pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, by BGC Holdings to its partners of all of the exchangeable limited partnership interests of Newmark Holdings owned by BGC Holdings immediately prior to the distribution, completed on the Distribution Date
BGC OpCosBGC U.S. OpCo and BGC Global OpCo, collectively
BGC PartnersBGC Partners, Inc. and, where applicable, its consolidated subsidiaries
BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes
$300.0 million principal amount of 3.750% senior notes maturing on October 1, 2024 and issued on September 27, 2019. Following the Exchange Offer on October 6, 2023 $44.5 million aggregate principal amount of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes remain outstanding
BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes
$300.0 million principal amount of 4.375% senior notes maturing on December 15, 2025 and issued on July 10, 2020. Following the Exchange Offer on October 6, 2023 $11.8 million aggregate principal amount of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes remain outstanding
BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes
$450.0 million principal amount of 5.375% senior notes which matured on July 24, 2023 and were issued on July 24, 2018
BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes
$350.0 million principal amount of 8.000% senior notes maturing on May 25, 2028 and issued on May 25, 2023. Following the Exchange Offer on October 6, 2023 $2.8 million aggregate principal amount of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes remain outstanding
BGC Partners Equity PlanEighth Amended and Restated Long Term Incentive Plan, approved by BGC Partners’ stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders on November 22, 2021
BGC Partners Incentive PlanBGC Partners’ Second Amended and Restated Incentive Bonus Compensation Plan, approved by BGC Partners’ stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders on June 6, 2017
BGC Partners Notes
BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes, BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes, BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes and BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes issued by BGC Partners
BGC U.S. OpCo
BGC Partners, L.P., an operating partnership, which holds the U.S. businesses of BGC and which is indirectly wholly owned, following the closing of the Corporate Conversion, by BGC Group
BoardBoard of Directors of the Company
BrexitExit of the U.K. from the EU
CantorCantor Fitzgerald, L.P. and, where applicable, its consolidated subsidiaries
Cantor groupCantor and its subsidiaries other than BGC, including Newmark
Cantor unitsLimited partnership interests, prior to the Corporate Conversion, of BGC Holdings, held by the Cantor group, which BGC Holdings units were exchangeable into shares of BGC Class A common stock or BGC Class B common stock, as applicable
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TERMDEFINITION
CCRECantor Commercial Real Estate Company, L.P.
CECLCurrent Expected Credit Losses
CEO ProgramControlled equity offering program
CF&CoCantor Fitzgerald & Co., a wholly owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Cantor
CFGMCF Group Management, Inc., the general partner of Cantor
CFTCCommodity Futures Trading Commission
Charity DayBGC’s annual event held on September 11th where employees of the Company raise proceeds for charity
Class B IssuanceIssuance by BGC Partners of 10,323,366 and 712,907 shares of BGC Class B common stock to Cantor and CFGM, respectively, in exchange for an aggregate of 11,036,273 shares of BGC Class A common stock under the Exchange Agreement, completed on November 23, 2018
CLOBCentral Limit Order Book
CMECME Group Inc., is a leading derivatives marketplace, made up of four exchanges: CME, CBOT, NYMEX and COMEX
Company
Refers to (i) from after the effective time of the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group and its consolidated subsidiaries, including BGC Partners; and (ii) prior to the effective time of the Corporate Conversion, BGC Partners and its consolidated subsidiaries
Company Debt Securities
The BGC Group 5.375% Senior Notes, BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes, BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes, BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes, the BGC Partners Notes and any future debt securities issued by the Company or its subsidiaries
Company Equity SecuritiesBGC Group stock or other equity securities
Compensation CommitteeCompensation Committee of the Board
Contribution RatioEqual to a BGC Holdings limited partnership interest multiplied by one, divided by 2.2 (or 0.4545)
Corporate ConversionA series of mergers and related transactions pursuant to which, effective at 12:02 AM Eastern Time on July 1, 2023, BGC Partners and BGC Holdings became wholly owned subsidiaries of BGC Group, transforming the organizational structure of the BGC businesses from an “Up-C” structure to a simplified “Full C-Corporation” structure
Corporate Conversion AgreementThe Corporate Conversion Agreement entered into on November 15, 2022, and as amended on March 29, 2023, by and among BGC Partners, BGC Holdings, BGC Group, Inc. and other affiliated entities, and, solely for the purposes of certain provisions therein, Cantor, that provides for the Corporate Conversion of the BGC businesses
Corporate Conversion TransactionsThe Corporation Conversion Transactions refers to the series of mergers described in the Corporate Conversion Agreement and related transactions
Corporate Conversion MergersThe Holdings Reorganization Merger, the Corporate Merger, and the Holdings Merger, collectively
Corporate Merger
The merger of Merger Sub 1 with and into BGC Partners on July 1, 2023
COVID-19Coronavirus Disease 2019
CRDCapital Requirements Directive
Credit Facility
A $150.0 million credit facility between BGC Group and an affiliate of Cantor entered into on April 21, 2017, which was terminated on March 19, 2018
DCMDesignated Contract Market
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TERMDEFINITION
DCODerivatives Clearing Organization
Deed
Mr. Windeatt’s Deed of Adherence, as amended, with the U.K. Partnership regarding the terms of employment
Distribution DateNovember 30, 2018, the date that BGC Partners and BGC Holdings completed the Spin-Off and the BGC Holdings Distribution, respectively
Dodd-Frank ActDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
DRIPDividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan
DRIP Registration Statement
Registration statement on Form S-3 with respect to the offer and sale of up to 10.0 million shares of BGC Class A common stock under the DRIP
ECBEuropean Central Bank
EMIREuropean Market Infrastructure Regulation
EPSEarnings Per Share
ESGEnvironmental, social and governance, including sustainability or similar items
eSpeedVarious assets comprising the Fully Electronic portion of the Company’s former benchmark on-the-run U.S. Treasury brokerage, market data and co-location service businesses, sold to Nasdaq on June 28, 2013
ETREffective Tax Rate
EUEuropean Union
Exchange ActSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
Exchange AgreementA letter agreement by and between BGC Partners, Cantor and CFGM, dated June 5, 2015, that, prior to the Corporate Conversion, granted Cantor and CFGM the right to exchange shares of BGC Class A common stock into shares of BGC Class B common stock on a one-to-one basis up to the limits described therein, and which agreement was terminated in connection with the Corporate Conversion
Exchange Offer
Consent solicitations and offers to exchange the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes, BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes and BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes issued by BGC Partners for the BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes, BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes and BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes issued by BGC Group, in each case with substantially similar terms to the corresponding series of BGC Partners Notes
Exchange RatioRatio by which a Newmark Holdings limited partnership interest can be exchanged for shares of Newmark Class A or Class B common stock
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
FCAFinancial Conduct Authority of the U.K.
FCMFutures Commission Merchant
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
February 2012 distribution rights sharesCantor’s deferred stock distribution rights provided to current and former Cantor partners on February 14, 2012
FenicsBGC’s group of electronic brands, offering a number of market infrastructure and connectivity services, Fully Electronic marketplaces, and the Fully Electronic brokerage of certain products that also may trade via Voice and Hybrid execution, including market data and related information services, Fully Electronic brokerage, connectivity software, compression and other post-trade services, analytics related to financial instruments and markets, and other financial technology solutions; includes Fenics Growth Platforms and Fenics Markets
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TERMDEFINITION
Fenics Growth PlatformsConsists of Fenics UST, Fenics GO, Lucera, Fenics FX and other newer standalone platforms
Fenics Integrated
Represents Fenics businesses that utilize sufficient levels of technology such that significant amounts of their transactions can be, or are, executed without broker intervention and have expected pre-tax margins of at least 25%
Fenics MarketsConsists of the Fully Electronic portions of BGC’s brokerage businesses, data, network and post-trade revenues that are unrelated to Fenics Growth Platforms, as well as Fenics Integrated revenues
FINRAFinancial Industry Regulatory Authority
FMXBGC’s combined U.S. Treasury and Futures electronic marketplace
Founding PartnersIndividuals who became limited partners of BGC Holdings in the mandatory redemption of interests in Cantor in connection with the 2008 separation and merger of Cantor’s BGC division with eSpeed, Inc. (provided that members of the Cantor group and Howard W. Lutnick (including any entity directly or indirectly controlled by Mr. Lutnick or any trust with respect to which he is a grantor, trustee or beneficiary) are not founding partners) and became limited partners of Newmark Holdings in the Separation
Founding/Working PartnersHolders of FPUs
FPUsFounding/Working Partners units, in BGC Holdings, prior to the Corporate Conversion, or Newmark Holdings, generally redeemed upon termination of employment
FreedomFreedom International Brokerage Company, a 45%-owned equity method investment of the Company
Fully ElectronicBroking transactions intermediated on a solely electronic basis rather than by Voice or Hybrid broking
Futures Exchange Group
A wholly owned subsidiary made up of the following entities: CFLP CX Futures Exchange Holdings, LLC, CFLP CX Futures Exchange Holdings, L.P., CX Futures Exchange Holdings, LLC, CX Clearinghouse Holdings, LLC, FMX Futures Exchange, L.P. and CX Clearinghouse, L.P.
FXForeign exchange
GDPRGeneral Data Protection Regulation
GFIGFI Group Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired on January 12, 2016
GILTIGlobal Intangible Low-Taxed Income
GUIGraphical User Interface
HDUsLPUs with capital accounts, which are liability awards recorded in “Accrued compensation” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
Holdings MergerThe merger of Merger Sub 2 with and into Holdings Merger Sub
Holdings Reorganization MergerThe reorganization of BGC Holdings from a Delaware limited partnership into a Delaware limited liability company through a merger with and into Holdings Merger Sub
Holdings Merger Sub
BGC Holdings Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and successor to BGC Holdings
HybridBroking transactions executed by brokers and involving some element of Voice broking and electronic trading
ICAPICAP plc, a part of TP ICAP group, and a leading markets operator and provider of execution and information services
ICEIntercontinental Exchange
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TERMDEFINITION
Insurance brokerage businessThe insurance brokerage business of BGC, including Corant, Ed Broking, Besso, Piiq Risk Partners, Junge, Cooper Gay, Global Underwriting and Epsilon, which business was sold to The Ardonagh Group on November 1, 2021
Insurance Business Disposition
The sale of the Insurance brokerage business for $534.9 million in gross cash proceeds after closing adjustments, subject to limited post-closing adjustments, completed on November 1, 2021
IR ActInflation Reduction Act of 2022
July 2023 distribution shares
On July 2, 2023 Cantor distributed an aggregate of 15.8 million shares of BGC Class B common stock in satisfaction of its remaining deferred share distribution obligations pursuant to the April 2008 distribution rights shares and the February 2012 distribution rights shares.
July 2023 Sales AgreementCEO Program sales agreement, by and between the Company and CF&Co, dated July 3, 2023, pursuant to which the Company can offer and sell up to an aggregate of $300.0 million of shares of BGC Class A common stock

LCHLondon Clearing House
Legacy BGC Holdings UnitsBGC Holdings LPUs outstanding immediately prior to the Separation
Legacy Newmark Holdings UnitsNewmark Holdings LPUs issued in connection with the Separation
LIBORLondon Interbank Offering Rate
LPA Amendment
On March 10, 2023, BGC Holdings entered into the Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement which revised certain restrictive covenants pertaining to the “Partner Obligations” and “Competitive Activity”
LPUsCertain limited partnership units, of BGC Holdings prior to the Corporate Conversion, or Newmark Holdings, held by certain employees of BGC and Newmark and other persons who have provided services to BGC or Newmark, which units may include APSIs, APSUs, AREUs, ARPSUs, HDUs, U.K. LPUs, N Units, PLPUs, PPSIs, PPSUs, PSEs, PSIs, PSUs, REUs, and RPUs, along with future types of limited partnership units in Newmark Holdings
LuceraA wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, also known as “LFI Holdings, LLC” or “LFI,” which is a software defined network offering the trading community direct connectivity
March 2018 Form S-3CEO Program shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on March 9, 2018
March 2018 Sales AgreementCEO Program sales agreement, by and between BGC Partners and CF&Co, dated March 9, 2018, pursuant to which BGC Partners could offer and sell up to an aggregate of $300.0 million of shares of BGC Class A common stock, which agreement expired in September 2021
March 2021 Form S-3 CEO Program shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on March 8, 2021
Merger Sub 1BGC Partners II, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of BGC Group
Merger Sub 2
BGC Partners II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of BGC Group
MiFID IIMarkets in Financial Instruments Directive II, a legislative framework instituted by the EU to regulate financial markets and improve protections for investors by increasing transparency and standardizing regulatory disclosures
Mint BrokersA wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired on August 19, 2010, registered as an FCM with both the CFTC and the NFA
NasdaqNasdaq, Inc., formerly known as NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.
NDFNon-deliverable forwards
Newmark
Newmark Group, Inc. (Nasdaq symbol: NMRK), a publicly traded and former majority-owned subsidiary of BGC until the Distribution Date, and, where applicable, its consolidated subsidiaries
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TERMDEFINITION
Newmark Class A common stockNewmark Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share
Newmark Class B common stockNewmark Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share
Newmark GroupNewmark, Newmark Holdings, and Newmark OpCo and their respective consolidated subsidiaries, collectively
Newmark HoldingsNewmark Holdings, L.P.
Newmark IPOInitial public offering of 23 million shares of Newmark Class A common stock by Newmark at a price of $14.00 per share in December 2017
Newmark OpCoNewmark Partners, L.P., an operating partnership, which is owned jointly by Newmark and Newmark Holdings and holds the business of Newmark
NEX
NEX Group plc, an entity formed in December 2016, formerly known as ICAP and acquired by CME Group in November 2018
NFANational Futures Association
Non-GAAPA financial measure that differs from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, such as Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted EBITDA
N UnitsNon-distributing partnership units, of BGC Holdings, prior to the Corporate Conversion, or Newmark Holdings, that may not be allocated any item of profit or loss, and may not be made exchangeable into shares of Class A common stock, including NREUs, NPREUs, NLPUs, NPLPUs, NPSUs, and NPPSUs
OCIOther comprehensive income (loss), including gains and losses on cash flow and net investment hedges, unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities (in periods prior to January 1, 2018), certain gains and losses relating to pension and other retirement benefit obligations and foreign currency translation adjustments
OTCOver-the-Counter
OTFOrganized Trading Facility, a regulated execution venue category introduced by MiFID II
PCD assetsPurchased financial assets with deterioration in credit quality since origination
Period Cost MethodTreatment of taxes associated with the GILTI provision as a current period expense when incurred rather than recording deferred taxes for basis differences
Poten & PartnersPoten & Partners Group, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired on November 15, 2018
Preferred Distribution
Allocation of net profits of BGC Holdings (prior to the Corporate Conversion) or Newmark Holdings to holders of Preferred Units, at a rate of either 0.6875% (i.e., 2.75% per calendar year) or such other amount as set forth in the award documentation
Preferred Return
The lesser of the two-year treasury bond rate or 2.75% annually, as calculated on the determination amount applicable to certain RSU Tax Account awards, which may be adjusted or otherwise determined by management from time to time
Preferred UnitsPreferred partnership units, of BGC Holdings prior to the Corporate Conversion, or Newmark Holdings, such as PPSUs, which are settled for cash, rather than made exchangeable into shares of Class A common stock, are only entitled to a Preferred Distribution, and are not included in BGC’s or Newmark’s fully diluted share count
Real Estate L.P.CF Real Estate Finance Holdings, L.P., a commercial real estate-related financial and investment business controlled and managed by Cantor
Record DateClose of business on November 23, 2018, in connection with the Spin-Off
Repurchase AgreementsSecurities sold under agreements to repurchase that are recorded at contractual amounts, including interest, and accounted for as collateralized financing transactions
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TERMDEFINITION
Reverse Repurchase AgreementsAgreements to resell securities, with such securities recorded at the contractual amount, including accrued interest, for which the securities will be resold, and accounted for as collateralized financing transactions
Revolving Credit Agreement
BGC Group’s unsecured senior revolving credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders, dated as of November 28, 2018, that originally provided for a maximum revolving loan balance of $350.0 million, bearing interest at either LIBOR or a defined base rate plus additional margin, amended on December 11, 2019 to extend the maturity date to February 26, 2021 and further amended on February 26, 2020 to extend the maturity date to February 26, 2023. On March 10, 2022, the agreement was amended and restated to increase the size of the credit facility to $375.0 million, bearing interest at either SOFR or a defined base rate plus additional margin, and extend the maturity date to March 10, 2025. On October 6, 2023, the Revolving Credit Agreement was amended to exclude the BGC Partners Notes from the restrictive covenant in the Revolving Credit Agreement limiting the indebtedness of subsidiaries, and BGC Group assumed all rights and obligations of BGC Partners under the Revolving Credit Agreement and became the borrower thereunder
ROURight-of-Use
RSUsBGC or Newmark restricted stock units, payable in shares of BGC Class A common stock or Newmark Class A common stock, respectively, held by certain employees of BGC or Newmark and other persons who have provided services to BGC or Newmark, or issued in connection with certain acquisitions
RSU Tax Account
RSU Tax Accounts were issued by BGC in connection with the Corporate Conversion in the place of certain non-exchangeable Preferred Units. The RSU Tax Accounts are settled for cash, rather than vesting into shares of Class A common stock, may be entitled to a Preferred Return, and are not included in BGC’s fully diluted share count. The RSU Tax Accounts were issued in connection with RSUs and are to cover any withholding taxes to be paid when the RSUs vest into shares of BGC Class A common stock
Russia’s Invasion of UkraineRussia’s invasion of Ukraine, which led to imposed sanctions by the U.S., U.K., EU, and other countries on Russian counterparties
SaaSSoftware as a Service
SBSEFSecurity-based Swap Execution Facility
SECU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities ActSecurities Act of 1933, as amended
SEFSwap Execution Facility
SeparationPrincipal corporate transactions pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, by which BGC Partners, BGC Holdings and BGC U.S. OpCo and their respective subsidiaries (other than the Newmark Group) transferred to Newmark, Newmark Holdings and Newmark OpCo and their respective subsidiaries the assets and liabilities of the BGC Entity Group relating to BGC’s real estate services business, and related transactions, including the distribution of Newmark Holdings units to holders of units in BGC Holdings and the assumption and repayment of certain BGC indebtedness by Newmark
Separation and Distribution AgreementSeparation and Distribution Agreement, by and among the BGC Entity Group, the Newmark Group, Cantor and BGC Global OpCo, originally entered into on December 13, 2017, as amended on November 8, 2018 and amended and restated on November 23, 2018
SOFRSecured Overnight Financing Rate
SPAC
Special Purpose Acquisition Company
SPAC Investment Banking Activities
Aurel’s investment banking activities with respect to SPACs
Spin-OffPro-rata distribution, pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, by BGC Partners to its stockholders of all the shares of common stock of Newmark owned by BGC Partners immediately prior to the Distribution Date, with shares of Newmark Class A common stock distributed to the holders of shares of BGC Class A common stock (including directors and executive officers of BGC Partners) of record on the Record Date, and shares of Newmark Class B common stock distributed to the holders of shares of BGC Class B common stock (Cantor and CFGM) of record on the Record Date, completed on the Distribution Date
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TERMDEFINITION
Tax ActTax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017
TDRsTroubled Debt Restructurings
The Ardonagh GroupThe Ardonagh Group Limited, the U.K.’s largest independent insurance broker and purchaser of BGC’s Insurance brokerage business completed on November 1, 2021
Tower BridgeTower Bridge International Services L.P., a subsidiary of the Company, which is 52%-owned by the Company and 48%-owned by Cantor
TP ICAPTP ICAP plc, an entity formed in December 2016, formerly known as Tullett
Tradition
Compagnie Financière Tradition SA, a Swiss based inter-dealer broker
TridentTrident Brokerage Service LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired on February 28, 2023
TullettTullett Prebon plc, a part of TP ICAP group and an interdealer broker, primarily operating as an intermediary in the wholesale financial and energy sectors
U.K.United Kingdom
U.K. Partnership
BGC Services (Holdings) LLP, a wholly owned subsidiary
U.S. GAAP or GAAPGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America
UBTUnincorporated Business Tax
VIEVariable Interest Entity
VoiceVoice-only broking transactions executed by brokers over the telephone
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SPECIAL NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Such statements are based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. For example, words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “possible,” “potential,” “continue,” “strategy,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “intends,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
Our actual results and the outcome and timing of certain events may differ significantly from the expectations discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, the factors set forth below:
•macroeconomic and other challenges and uncertainties, including those resulting from Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, downgrades of U.S. Treasuries, rising global interest rates, inflation and the Federal Reserve’s responses thereto, including increasing interest rates, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar, liquidity concerns regarding and changes in capital requirements for banking and financial institutions, changes in the U.S. and global economies and financial markets, including economic activity, employment levels, supply chain issues and market liquidity, and increasing energy costs, as well as the various actions taken in response to the challenges and uncertainties by governments, central banks and others, including consumer and corporate clients and customers;
•market conditions, including rising interest rates, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar, trading volume, turmoil across regional banks and certain global investment banks, currency fluctuations and volatility in the demand for the products and services we provide, possible disruptions in trading, potential deterioration of equity and debt capital markets and cryptocurrency markets, the impact of significant changes in interest rates generally and on our ability to access the capital markets as needed or on reasonable terms and conditions;
•pricing, commissions and fees, and market position with respect to any of our products and services and those of our competitors;
•the effect of industry concentration and reorganization, reduction of customers, and consolidation;
•liquidity, regulatory, cash and clearing capital requirements and the impact of credit market events, rising interest rates, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar, and market uncertainty, and political events and conflicts and actions taken by governments and businesses in response thereto on the credit markets and interest rates;
•our relationships and transactions with Cantor and its affiliates, including CF&Co, and CCRE, our structure, the timing and impact of any actual or future changes to our structure, including the Corporate Conversion, any related transactions, conflicts of interest or litigation, including with respect to executive compensation matters, any impact of Cantor’s results on our credit ratings and associated outlooks, any loans to or from us or Cantor, including the balances and interest rates thereof from time to time and any convertible or equity features of any such loans, CF&Co’s acting as our sales agent or underwriter under our CEO Program or other offerings, Cantor’s holdings of the Company’s Debt Securities, CF&Co’s acting as a market maker in the Company’s Debt Securities, CF&Co’s acting as our financial advisor in connection with potential acquisitions, dispositions, or other transactions, and our participation in various investments, stock loans or cash management vehicles placed by or recommended by CF&Co;
•the integration of acquired businesses and their operations and back office functions with our other businesses;
•the effect on our businesses of any extraordinary transactions, including potential dilution, taxes, costs, and other impacts;
•the rebranding of our current businesses or risks related to any potential dispositions of all or any portion of our existing or acquired businesses;
•market volatility as a result of the effects of rising interest rates, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar, global inflation rates, changes in sovereign credit ratings, potential economic downturns, including recessions, and similar effects, which may not be predictable in future periods;
•the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the combined impact of the flu, other seasonal illnesses and other world or regional health crises, governmental and public reactions thereto, and the impact of a return to office for our employees, hiring and operations;
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•economic or geopolitical conditions or uncertainties, the actions of governments or central banks, including the pursuit of trade, border control or other related policies by the U.S. and/or other countries (including U.S.-China trade relations), recent economic and political volatility in the U.K., rising political and other tensions between the U.S. and China, political and labor unrest, conflict in the Middle East, Russia, Ukraine or other jurisdictions, the impact of U.S. government shutdowns, elections, political unrest, boycotts, stalemates or other social and political developments, and the impact of terrorist acts, acts of war or other violence or political unrest, as well as natural disasters or weather-related or similar events, including hurricanes and heat waves as well as power failures, communication and transportation disruptions, and other interruptions of utilities or other essential services and the impacts of pandemics and other international health emergencies;
•risks inherent in doing business in international markets, and any failure to identify and manage those risks, as well as the impact of Russia’s ongoing Invasion of Ukraine and additional sanctions and regulations imposed by governments and related counter-sanctions, including any related reserves;
•the effect on our businesses, our clients, the markets in which we operate and the economy in general of changes in the U.S. and foreign tax and other laws, including changes in tax rates, repatriation rules, and deductibility of interest, potential policy and regulatory changes in other countries, sequestrations, uncertainties regarding the debt ceiling and the federal budget, responses to rising global inflation rates, and other potential political policies;
•our dependence upon our key employees, our ability to build out successful succession plans, the impact of absence due to illness or leave of certain key executive officers or employees and our ability to attract, retain, motivate and integrate new employees, as well as the competing demands on the time of certain of our executive officers who also provide services to Cantor, Newmark and various other ventures and investments sponsored by Cantor and the impact of post termination covenants on awards previously granted to key employees and future awards or otherwise on our employment arrangements;
•the effect on our businesses and revenues of changes in interest rates and changes in benchmarks, the fluctuating U.S. dollar, rising interest rates and market uncertainty, the level of worldwide governmental debt issuances, austerity programs, government stimulus packages, increases and decreases in the federal funds interest rate and other actions to moderate inflation, increases or decreases in deficits and the impact of changing government tax rates, and other changes to monetary policy, and potential political impasses or regulatory requirements, including increased capital requirements for banks and other institutions or changes in legislation, regulations and priorities;
•extensive regulation of our businesses and customers, the timing of regulatory approvals, changes in regulations relating to financial services companies and other industries, and risks relating to compliance matters, including regulatory examinations, inspections, investigations and enforcement actions, and any resulting costs, increased financial and capital requirements, enhanced oversight, remediation, fines, penalties, sanctions, and changes to or restrictions or limitations on specific activities, including potential delays in accessing markets, including due to our regulatory status and actions, operations, and compensatory arrangements, and growth opportunities, including acquisitions, hiring, and new businesses, products, or services;
•factors related to specific transactions or series of transactions, including credit, performance, and principal risk, trade failures, counterparty failures, and the impact of fraud and unauthorized trading;
•costs and expenses of developing, maintaining, and protecting our intellectual property, as well as employment, regulatory, and other litigation and proceedings, and their related costs, including judgments, indemnities, fines, or settlements paid and the impact thereof on our financial results and cash flows in any given period;
•certain financial risks, including the possibility of future losses, indemnification obligations, assumed liabilities, reduced cash flows from operations, increased leverage, reduced availability under our credit agreements, and the need for short- or long-term borrowings, including from Cantor, our ability to refinance our indebtedness on acceptable rates, and changes to interest rates and liquidity or our access to other sources of cash relating to acquisitions, dispositions, or other matters, potential liquidity and other risks relating to our ability to maintain continued access to credit and availability of financing necessary to support our ongoing business needs, on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and risks associated with the resulting leverage, including potentially causing a reduction in our credit ratings and the associated outlooks and increased borrowing costs as well as interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;
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•risks associated with the temporary or longer-term investment of our available cash, including in the BGC OpCos, defaults or impairments on our investments, joint venture interests, stock loans or cash management vehicles and collectability of loan balances owed to us by employees, the BGC OpCos or others;
•our ability to enter new markets or develop new products, offerings, trading desks, marketplaces, or services for existing or new clients, including our ability to develop new Fenics platforms and products, to successfully launch our FMX initiative and to attract investors thereto, the risks inherent in operating our cryptocurrency business and in safekeeping cryptocurrency assets, and efforts to convert certain existing products to a Fully Electronic trade execution, to incorporate artificial intelligence into our products and efforts by our competitors to do the same, and to induce such clients to use these products, trading desks, marketplaces, or services and to secure and maintain market share;
•the impact of any restructuring or similar transactions, on our ability to enter into marketing and strategic alliances and business combinations, attract investors or partners or engage in other transactions in the financial services and other industries, including acquisitions, tender offers, dispositions, reorganizations, partnering opportunities and joint ventures, the failure to realize the anticipated benefits of any such transactions, relationships or growth, and the future impact of any such transactions, relationships or growth on our other businesses and our financial results for current or future periods, the integration of any completed acquisitions and the use of proceeds of any completed dispositions, the impact of amendments and/or terminations of strategic arrangements, and the value of and any hedging entered into in connection with consideration received or to be received in connection with such dispositions and any transfers thereof;
•our estimates or determinations of potential value with respect to various assets or portions of our businesses, such as Fenics, including with respect to the accuracy of the assumptions or the valuation models or multiples used;
•our ability to manage turnover and hire, train, integrate and retain personnel, including brokers, salespeople, managers, technology professionals and other front-office personnel, back-office and support services, and departures of senior personnel;
•our ability to expand the use of technology and maintain access to the intellectual property of others for Hybrid and Fully Electronic trade execution in our product and service offerings, and otherwise;
•our ability to effectively manage any growth that may be achieved, including outside the U.S., while ensuring compliance with all applicable financial reporting, internal control, legal compliance, and regulatory requirements;
•our ability to identify and remediate any material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls which could affect our ability to properly maintain books and records, prepare financial statements and reports in a timely manner, control our policies, practices and procedures, operations and assets, assess and manage our operational, regulatory and financial risks, and integrate our acquired businesses and brokers, salespeople, managers, technology professionals and other front-office personnel;
•the impact of unexpected market moves and similar events;
•information technology risks, including capacity constraints, failures, or disruptions in our systems or those of the clients, counterparties, exchanges, clearing facilities, or other parties with which we interact, including increased demands on such systems and on the telecommunications infrastructure from remote working, cyber-security risks and incidents, compliance with regulations requiring data minimization and protection and preservation of records of access and transfers of data, privacy risk and exposure to potential liability and regulatory focus;
•the effectiveness of our governance, risk management, and oversight procedures and impact of any potential transactions or relationships with related parties;
•the impact of our ESG or “sustainability” ratings on the decisions by clients, investors, ratings agencies, potential clients and other parties with respect to our businesses, investments in us, our borrowing opportunities or the market for and trading price of BGC Class A common stock, Company Debt Securities, or other matters;
•the fact that the prices at which shares of our Class A common stock are or may be sold in offerings, acquisitions, or other transactions may vary significantly, and purchasers of shares in such offerings or other transactions, as well as existing stockholders, may suffer significant dilution if the price they paid for their shares is higher than the price paid by other purchasers in such offerings or transactions;
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•the impact of reductions to our dividends and the timing and amounts of any future dividends, including our ability to meet expectations with respect to payments of dividends and repurchases of shares of our Class A common stock, or other equity interests in us or any of our other subsidiaries, including from Cantor, our executive officers, other employees, partners, and others, and the net proceeds to be realized by us from offerings of shares of BGC Class A common stock and Company Debt Securities, and our ability to pay any excise tax that may be imposed on the repurchase of shares; and
•the effect on the markets for and trading prices of our Class A common stock and Company Debt Securities of various offerings and other transactions, including offerings of our Class A common stock and convertible or exchangeable debt or other securities, our repurchases of shares of our Class A common stock or other equity interests in us or in our subsidiaries, our payment of dividends on our Class A common stock, convertible arbitrage, hedging, and other transactions engaged in by us or holders of our outstanding shares, Company Debt Securities or other securities, share sales and stock pledges, stock loans, and other financing transactions by holders of our shares (including by Cantor or others), including of shares acquired pursuant to our employee benefit plans, corporate restructurings, acquisitions, conversions of shares of our Class B common stock and our other convertible securities into shares of our Class A common stock, and distributions of our Class A common stock by Cantor to its partners.
The foregoing risks and uncertainties, as well as those risks and uncertainties set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, may cause actual results and events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. The information included herein is given as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the SEC, and future results or events could differ significantly from these forward-looking statements. The Company does not undertake to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These filings are available to the public from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Our website address is www.bgcg.com. Through our website we make available, free of charge, the following documents as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC: our Annual Reports on Form 10-K; our proxy statements for our annual and special stockholder meetings; our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q; our Current Reports on Form 8-K; Forms 3, 4 and 5 and Schedules 13D with respect to our securities filed on behalf of Cantor, CFGM, our directors and our executive officers; and amendments to those documents. Our website also contains additional information with respect to our industry and businesses. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
BGC GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$559,587 $484,989 
Cash segregated under regulatory requirements16,407 17,021 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value45,453 39,319 
Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers1,175,253 559,680 
Accrued commissions and other receivables, net320,521 288,471 
Loans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, net348,484 319,612 
Fixed assets, net176,399 183,478 
Investments35,718 38,575 
Goodwill500,797 486,585 
Other intangible assets, net196,532 192,783 
Receivables from related parties6,083 1,444 
Other assets477,024 463,014 
Total assets$3,858,258 $3,074,971 
Liabilities, Redeemable Partnership Interest, and Equity
Short-term borrowings$— $1,917 
Accrued compensation174,476 176,781 
Payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers1,002,912 404,675 
Payables to related parties14,574 10,550 
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities627,194 683,104 
Notes payable and other borrowings1,183,443 1,049,217 
Total liabilities3,002,599 2,326,244 
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees (Note 19)
Redeemable partnership interest— 15,519 
Equity
Stockholders’ equity:
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 1,500,000 and 750,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; 397,201 and 471,934 shares issued at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; and 389,868 and 325,858 shares outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
3,972 4,719 
Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 300,000 and 150,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; 109,453 and 45,884 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, convertible into Class A common stock
1,095 459 
Additional paid-in capital2,059,436 2,559,418 
Treasury stock, at cost: 7,333 and 146,076 shares of Class A common stock at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
(40,335)(711,454)
Retained deficit(1,134,204)(1,138,066)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(45,819)(45,431)
Total stockholders’ equity844,145 669,645 
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries11,514 63,563 
Total equity855,659 733,208 
Total liabilities, redeemable partnership interest, and equity$3,858,258 $3,074,971 
The accompanying Notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
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BGC GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Revenues:
Commissions$350,305 $299,430 $1,076,313 $965,636 
Principal transactions84,725 79,568 294,537 283,338 
Fees from related parties3,723 3,896 11,742 10,838 
Data, network and post-trade27,797 23,808 81,919 71,326 
Interest and dividend income10,150 4,110 28,836 15,506 
Other revenues5,994 5,755 15,294 12,143 
Total revenues482,694 416,567 1,508,641 1,358,787 
Expenses:
Compensation and employee benefits233,087 202,353 743,688 671,494 
Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs69,268 57,730 277,285 161,739 
Total compensation and employee benefits302,355 260,083 1,020,973 833,233 
Occupancy and equipment40,028 38,710 121,681 117,294 
Fees to related parties7,046 6,551 23,477 18,285 
Professional and consulting fees13,734 15,048 44,254 44,489 
Communications29,222 26,802 84,974 81,859 
Selling and promotion14,939 11,373 44,875 34,754 
Commissions and floor brokerage14,755 13,104 46,181 44,686 
Interest expense20,780 14,499 56,436 43,144 
Other expenses22,030 19,951 47,759 60,736 
Total expenses464,889 406,121 1,490,610 1,278,480 
Other income (losses), net:
Gains (losses) on divestitures and sale of investments— (183)— (183)
Gains (losses) on equity method investments2,094 3,230 6,568 8,762 
Other income (loss)3,967 5,545 1,221 6,958 
Total other income (losses), net6,061 8,592 7,789 15,537 
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes23,866 19,038 25,820 95,844 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes5,314 10,813 8,308 40,575 
Consolidated net income (loss)$18,552 $8,225 $17,512 $55,269 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries1,506 2,463 1,192 8,773 
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders$17,046 $5,762 $16,320 $46,496 
Per share data (Note 6):
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$15,974 $5,762 $15,248 $46,496 
Basic earnings (loss) per share$0.03 $0.02 $0.04 $0.13 
Basic weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding468,544 371,108 412,178 371,692 
Fully diluted earnings (loss) per share
Net income (loss) for fully diluted shares$15,989 $7,370 $15,107 $60,718 
Fully diluted earnings (loss) per share$0.03 $0.01 $0.03 $0.12 
Fully diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding477,545 496,985 494,545 501,958 
The accompanying Notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
are an integral part of these financial statements.
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BGC GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Consolidated net income (loss)$18,552 $8,225 $17,512 $55,269 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments(4,854)(7,744)129 (14,763)
Comprehensive income (loss)13,698 481 17,641 40,506 
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries, net of tax1,343 1,346 1,709 6,545 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$12,355 $(865)$15,932 $33,961 
The accompanying Notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
are an integral part of these financial statements.
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BGC GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net income (loss)$17,512 $55,269 
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Fixed asset depreciation and intangible asset amortization60,117 55,786 
Employee loan amortization and reserves on employee loans35,645 35,083 
Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs277,285 161,739 
Deferred compensation expense38 75 
Losses (gains) on equity method investments(6,568)(8,762)
Unrealized/realized losses (gains) on financial instruments owned, at fair value and other investments914 1,434 
Amortization of discount (premium) on notes payable2,708 2,099 
Impairment of fixed assets, intangible assets and investments3,013 5,568 
Deferred tax provision (benefit)(22,678)2,025 
Change in estimated acquisition earn-out payables723 (516)
Forfeitures of Class A common stock(796)(188)
Other— (1,914)
Consolidated net income (loss), adjusted for non-cash and non-operating items367,913 307,698 
Decrease (increase) in operating assets:
Financial instruments owned, at fair value(5,562)2,976 
Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers(614,776)(1,416,538)
Accrued commissions receivable, net(26,848)(4,081)
Loans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, net(47,525)(51,719)
Receivables from related parties(4,570)(1,522)
Other assets6,348 (10,829)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Repurchase agreements— 1,013 
Accrued compensation(6,902)(23,341)
Payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers597,329 1,355,361 
Payables to related parties9,243 24,689 
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities(42,949)(51,770)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$231,701 $131,937 
The accompanying Notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
are an integral part of these financial statements.
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BGC GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS—(Continued)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of fixed assets$(9,101)$(6,434)
Capitalization of software development costs(33,946)(35,075)
Purchase of equity method investments— (588)
Proceeds from equity method investments9,467 6,118 
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash acquired(26,502)— 
Purchase of assets(399)(445)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities$(60,481)$(36,424)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayments of long-term debt and collateralized borrowings$(623,251)$(4,779)
Issuance of long-term debt and collateralized borrowings, net of deferred issuance costs755,212 (45)
Earnings distributions to limited partnership interests and other noncontrolling interests(19,041)(25,244)
Redemption and repurchase of equity awards
(102,494)(46,310)
Dividends to stockholders(12,267)(11,143)
Repurchase of Class A common stock(86,537)(79,295)
Proceeds from sale of Cantor Units in BGC Holdings11,539 947 
Short term borrowings, net of repayments(1,917)— 
Payments on acquisition earn-outs(18,703)(4,384)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$(97,459)$(170,253)
Effect of exchange rate changes on Cash and cash equivalents and Cash segregated under regulatory requirements223 (6,198)
Net increase (decrease) in Cash and cash equivalents, and
Cash segregated under regulatory requirements
73,984 (80,938)
Cash and cash equivalents and Cash segregated under
regulatory requirements at beginning of period
502,010 566,799 
Cash and cash equivalents and Cash segregated under regulatory requirements at end of period$575,994 $485,861 
Supplemental cash information:
Cash paid during the period for taxes$47,449 $32,267 
Cash paid during the period for interest47,791 39,864 
Supplemental non-cash information:
Issuance of Class A common stock upon exchange of limited partnership interests$45,868 $34,480 
Issuance of Class A and contingent Class A common stock and limited partnership interests for acquisitions7,275 2,710 
ROU assets and liabilities27,075 16,494 
The accompanying Notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
are an integral part of these financial statements.
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BGC GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
BGC Group, Inc. StockholdersNoncontrolling
Interest in
Subsidiaries		Total
Class A
Common
Stock		Class B
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Treasury
Stock		Retained
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, July 1, 2023
$5,086 $459 $2,667,812 $(753,331)$(1,146,350)$(41,128)$86,599 $819,147 
Consolidated net income (loss)— — — — 17,046 — 1,506 18,552 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax— — — — (4,691)(163)(4,854)
Equity-based compensation, 6,490,733 shares
55 60,191 10 — — — 60,256 
Dividends to common stockholders and participating RSU holders
— — — — (4,900)— — (4,900)
Issuance of Class A common stock (net of costs), 55,348 shares
— — 170 — — — — 170 
Repurchase of Class A common stock, 8,086,750 shares
— — — (40,345)— — — (40,345)
Contributions of capital to and from Cantor for equity-based compensation— — 1,931 — — — — 1,931 
Issuance of Class A common stock and RSUs for acquisitions, 413,884 shares
4 — 4,510 — — — — 4,514 
Cantor units converted into shares of BGC Group Class B common stock due to the Corporate Conversion, 63,974,374 shares
— 640 75,788 — — — (76,428)— 
Restricted stock awards granted upon conversion of limited partnership interests due to the Corporate Conversion, 38,610,233 shares
386 — (386)— — — — — 
Conversion of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock, 405,801 shares
4 (4)— — — — — — 
Cancellation of BGC Partners Inc. Treasury Stock due to Corporate Conversion, 156,386,616 shares
(1,563)— (751,768)753,331 — — — — 
Other— — 1,188 — — — — 1,188 
Balance, September 30, 2023
$3,972 $1,095 $2,059,436 $(40,335)$(1,134,204)$(45,819)$11,514 $855,659 
The accompanying Notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BGC GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
BGC Group, Inc. StockholdersNoncontrolling
Interest in
Subsidiaries		Total
Class A
Common
Stock		Class B
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Treasury
Stock		Retained
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, January 1, 2023$4,719 $459 $2,559,418 $(711,454)$(1,138,066)$(45,431)$63,563 $733,208 
Consolidated net income (loss)— — — — 16,320 — 1,192 17,512 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax— — — — — (388)517 129 
Equity-based compensation, 9,120,746 shares
78 65,932 13 — — 1,766 67,789 
Dividends to common stockholders and participating RSU holders
— — — — (12,458)— — (12,458)
Earnings distributions to limited partnership interests and other noncontrolling interests— — — — — — (12,294)(12,294)
Grant of exchangeability and redemption of limited partnership interests, issuance of 29,118,664 shares
291 — 86,505 — — — 26,405 113,201 
Issuance of Class A common stock (net of costs), 234,931 shares
2 — 511 — — — 14 527 
Redemption of FPUs, 156,049 units
— — — — — (547)(547)
Repurchase of Class A common stock, 18,746,467 shares
— — (81,456)— — (6,691)(88,147)
Forfeiture of Class A common stock, 238,927 shares
— — 84 (769)— — (111)(796)
Contributions of capital to and from Cantor for equity-based compensation— — 2,321 — — — 116 2,437 
Grant of exchangeability, redemption of limited partnership interests and issuance of Class A common stock and RSUs for acquisitions, 5,504,698 shares
55 — 6,843 — — — 377 7,275 
Cantor's purchase of Cantor units from BGC Holdings upon redemption of FPUs, 6,368,964 units
— — — — — — 11,539 11,539 
Redemption of FPUs and issuance of RSUs due to the Corporate Conversion— — 12,410 — — — 2,096 14,506 
Cantor units converted into shares of BGC Group Class B common stock due to the Corporate Conversion, 63,974,374 shares
— 640 75,788 — — — (76,428)— 
Restricted stock awards granted upon conversion of limited partnership interests due to the Corporate Conversion, 38,610,233 shares
386 — (386)— — — — — 
Conversion of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock, 405,801 shares
4 (4)— — — — — — 
Cancellation of BGC Partners Inc. Treasury Stock due to Corporate Conversion, 156,386,616 shares
(1,563)— (751,768)753,331 — — — — 
Other— — 1,778 — — — — 1,778 
Balance, September 30, 2023
$3,972 $1,095 $2,059,436 $(40,335)$(1,134,204)$(45,819)$11,514 $855,659 
For the three months ended September 30,For the nine months ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Dividends declared per share of common stock$0.01 $0.01 $0.03 $0.03 
Dividends declared and paid per share of common stock$0.01 $0.01 $0.03 $0.03 
The accompanying Notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
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BGC GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands, except share amounts)
(unaudited)
BGC Group, Inc. Stockholders
Class A
Common
Stock		Class B
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Treasury
Stock		Retained
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Noncontrolling
Interest in
Subsidiaries		Total
Balance, July 1, 2022
$4,518 $459 $2,499,393 $(648,500)$(1,138,628)$(46,456)$59,907 $730,693 
Consolidated net income (loss)— — — — 5,762 — 2,463 8,225 
Other comprehensive gain, net of tax— — — — — (6,627)(1,117)(7,744)
Equity-based compensation, 448,014 shares
4 — 3,034 — — — 937 3,975 
Dividends to common stockholders— — — — (3,700)— — (3,700)
Earnings distributions to limited partnership interests and other noncontrolling interests— — — — — — (3,091)(3,091)
Grant of exchangeability and redemption of limited partnership interests, issuance of 11,939,546 shares
120 — 24,026 — — — 8,028 32,174 
Issuance of Class A common stock (net of costs), 101,786 shares
1 — 149 — — — 4 154 
Redemption of FPUs, 27,087 units
— — — — — — (59)(59)
Repurchase of Class A common stock, 12,396,735 shares
— — — (41,994)— — (7,914)(49,908)
Forfeiture of Class A common stock, 43,388 shares
— — (5)(139)— — (27)(171)
Contributions of capital to and from Cantor for equity-based compensation— — 624 — — — 194 818 
Other— — (22)— — — — (22)
Balance, September 30, 2022
$4,643 $459 $2,527,199 $(690,633)$(1,136,566)$(53,083)$59,325 $711,344 

BGC Group, Inc. Stockholders
Class A
Common
Stock		Class B
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Treasury
Stock		Retained
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Noncontrolling
Interest in
Subsidiaries		Total
Balance, January 1, 2022
$4,359 $459 $2,451,135 $(623,734)$(1,171,919)$(40,548)$43,563 $663,315 
Consolidated net income (loss)— — — — 46,496 — 8,773 55,269 
Other comprehensive gain, net of tax— — — — — (12,535)(2,228)(14,763)
Equity-based compensation, 3,018,337 shares
30 — 9,081 — — — 2,853 11,964 
Dividends to common stockholders— — — — (11,143)— — (11,143)
Earnings distributions to limited partnership interests and other noncontrolling interests— — — — — — (2,950)(2,950)
Grant of exchangeability and redemption of limited partnership interests, issuance of 23,647,165 shares
237 — 61,849 — — — 20,853 82,939 
Issuance of Class A common stock (net of costs), 445,245 shares
5 — 3,616 — — — 11 3,632 
Redemption of FPUs, 96,447 units
— — — — — — (204)(204)
Repurchase of Class A common stock, 21,142,045 shares
— — — (66,747)— — (12,548)(79,295)
Forfeiture of Class A common stock, 47,807 shares
— — (6)(152)— — (30)(188)
Contributions of capital to and from Cantor for equity-based compensation— — (370)— — — (134)(504)
Grant of exchangeability, redemption of limited partnership interests and issuance of Class A common stock and RSUs for acquisitions, 1,192,907 shares
12 — 2,279 — — — 419 2,710 
Cantor purchase of Cantor units from BGC Holdings upon redemption of FPUs, 480,175 units
— — — — — — 947 947 
Other— — (385)— — — — (385)
Balance, September 30, 2022
$4,643 $459 $2,527,199 $(690,633)$(1,136,566)$(53,083)$59,325 $711,344 

The accompanying Notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
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Table of Contents
BGC GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Page



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1.    Organization and Basis of Presentation
Business Overview
On July 1, 2023, the Company completed its Corporate Conversion to a Full C-Corporation in order to reorganize and simplify its organizational structure. As a result of the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group became the public holding company for, and successor to, BGC Partners, and its Class A common stock began trading on Nasdaq, in place of BGC Partners’ Class A common stock, under the ticker symbol “BGC.” Upon completion of the Corporate Conversion, the former stockholders of BGC Partners, Inc. and the former limited partners of BGC Holdings, L.P. now participate in the economics of the BGC businesses through BGC Group, Inc.
BGC is a leading global brokerage and financial technology company servicing the global financial markets. Through brands including BGC®, Fenics®, GFI®, Sunrise Brokers™, Poten & Partners®, and RP Martin®, among others, the Company’s businesses specialize in the brokerage of a broad range of products, including fixed income such as government bonds, corporate bonds, and other debt instruments, as well as related interest rate derivatives and credit derivatives. Additionally, the Company provides brokerage services across FX, Equities, Energy and Commodities, Shipping, and Futures and Options. The Company’s businesses also provide a wide variety of services, including trade execution, connectivity and network solutions, brokerage services, clearing, trade compression, and other post-trade services, and market data and related information services and other back-office services to a broad assortment of financial and non-financial institutions.
BGC’s integrated platform is designed to provide flexibility to customers with regard to price discovery, execution and processing, creating marketplaces and enabling them to use the Company’s Voice, Hybrid, or, in many markets, Fully Electronic brokerage services in connection with transactions executed either OTC or through an exchange. Through the Company’s Fenics® group of electronic brands, BGC Group offers a number of market infrastructure and connectivity services, including the Company’s Fully Electronic marketplaces, market data and related information services, network, trade compression and other post-trade services, analytics related to financial instruments and markets, and other financial technology solutions. Fenics® brands also operate under the names Fenics®, FMX™, FMX Futures Exchange™, Fenics Markets Xchange™, Fenics Digital™, Fenics UST™, Fenics FX™, Fenics Repo™, Fenics Direct™, Fenics MID™, Fenics Market Data™, Fenics GO™, Fenics PortfolioMatch™, BGC®, BGC Trader™, kACE2®, and Lucera®.
BGC, BGC Group, BGC Partners, BGC Trader, GFI, GFI Ginga, CreditMatch, Fenics, Fenics.com, FMX, Sunrise Brokers, Poten & Partners, RP Martin, kACE2, Capitalab, Swaptioniser, CBID, Caventor, LumeMarkets and Lucera are trademarks/service marks, and/or registered trademarks/service marks of BGC Group and/or its affiliates.
The Company promotes the efficiency of the global capital markets, acting as market infrastructure to the world’s largest banks, broker-dealers, investment banks, trading firms, hedge funds, governments, corporations, and investment firms. BGC has an extensive number of offices globally in major markets including New York and London, as well as in Bahrain, Beijing, Bogotá, Brisbane, Cape Town, Chicago, Copenhagen, Dubai, Dublin, Frankfurt, Geneva, Hong Kong, Houston, Johannesburg, Madrid, Manila, Melbourne, Mexico City, Miami, Milan, Monaco, Nyon, Paris, Perth, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney, Tel Aviv, Tokyo, Toronto, Wellington, and Zurich.
Corporate Conversion
Effective as of 12:01 a.m., Eastern Time, on July 1, 2023, BGC Holdings reorganized from a Delaware limited partnership into a Delaware limited liability company through a merger with and into Holdings Merger Sub, with Holdings Merger Sub continuing as a direct subsidiary of BGC Partners. Effective as of 12:02 a.m., Eastern Time, on July 1, 2023, Merger Sub 1 merged with and into BGC Partners, with BGC Partners continuing as a direct subsidiary of BGC Group. At the same time, Merger Sub 2 merged with and into Holdings Merger Sub, with Holdings Merger Sub continuing as a subsidiary of BGC Group. As a result of the Corporate Conversion Mergers, BGC Partners and BGC Holdings became wholly owned subsidiaries of BGC Group.
In the Holdings Reorganization Merger, each unit of BGC Holdings outstanding as of immediately prior to the Holdings Reorganization Merger was converted into a substantially equivalent equity interest in Holdings Merger Sub.
In the Corporate Merger, each share of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Partners and each share of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Partners outstanding was converted into one share of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Group and one share of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Group, respectively.
In connection with, but prior to the Corporate Conversion, the Company completed various transactions which included:
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•the redemption of certain non-exchangeable limited partnership units in connection with the issuance of shares of BGC Partners Class A common stock and the accompanying tax payments, which led to an equity-based compensation charge of $60.9 million;
•the exchange of the remaining 1.5 million exchangeable limited partnership units of BGC Holdings held by employees on June 30, 2023, for 1.0 million shares, after tax withholding, of BGC Partners Class A common stock;
•the redemption of certain non-exchangeable limited partnership units of BGC Holdings held by employees and issuance of 16.9 million BGC Partners RSUs on a one-for-one basis on June 30, 2023;
•the redemption of certain non-exchangeable Preferred Units of BGC Holdings held by employees and issuance of $49.2 million of BGC Partners RSU Tax Accounts on June 30, 2023, based on the fixed cash value of the Preferred Units redeemed;
•the redemption of the remaining 5.6 million non-exchangeable FPUs and issuances of BGC Partners RSUs on a one-for-one basis on June 30, 2023, which in turn reduced the “Redeemable Partnership Interest” to zero with an offsetting impact to “Total equity” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of June 30, 2023; and
•the purchase on June 30, 2023 by Cantor from BGC Holdings of an aggregate of 5,425,209 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $9,715,772 as a result of the redemption of 5,425,209 FPUs, and 324,223 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $598,712 as a result of the exchange of 324,223 FPUs.
As a result of the Corporate Conversion:
•64.0 million Cantor units, including 5.7 million purchased on June 30, 2023, were converted into shares of BGC Group Class B common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the Corporate Conversion Agreement, provided that a portion of the 64.0 million shares of BGC Group Class B common stock issued to Cantor will exchange into BGC Group Class A common stock in the event that BGC Group does not issue at least $75,000,000 in shares of BGC Group Class A or B common stock in connection with certain acquisition transactions prior to the seventh anniversary of the Corporate Conversion;
•BGC Group assumed all BGC Partners RSUs, RSU Tax Accounts or restricted stock awards outstanding as of June 30, 2023; and
•non-exchangeable limited partnership units of BGC Holdings were converted into equity awards denominated in cash, restricted stock and/or RSUs of BGC Group, each as further set forth in the Corporate Conversion Agreement. BGC Group granted 38.6 million restricted stock awards, 25.3 million RSUs, and $74.0 million of RSU Tax Accounts upon the conversion of the non-exchangeable shares of Holdings Merger Sub.
There were no limited partnership units of BGC Holdings remaining after the Corporate Conversion was completed.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, BGC Group assumed and adopted: the Eighth Amended and Restated BGC Partners, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as the BGC Group, Inc. Long Term Incentive Plan; the BGC Partners Second Amended and Restated BGC Partners Incentive Bonus Compensation Plan, as amended and restated, and renamed the BGC Group, Inc. Incentive Bonus Compensation Plan; and the BGC Partners, Inc. Deferral Plan for Employees of BGC Partners, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P. and their Affiliates, as amended and restated as the BGC Group, Inc. Deferral Plan for Employees of BGC Group, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P. and Their Affiliates. The BGC Group Equity Plan provides for a maximum of 600 million shares of BGC Class A common stock that may be delivered or cash settled pursuant to the exercise or settlement of awards granted under the plan.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, the BGC Holdings limited partnership agreement was terminated, and the BGC Holdings, L.P. Participation Plan was terminated.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, BGC Group amended and restated its certificate of incorporation to reflect an increase in the authorized shares of BGC Group Class A common stock to 1,500,000,000; an increase in the authorized shares of BGC Group Class B common stock to 300,000,000; and a provision providing for exculpation to officers of BGC Group pursuant to Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Additionally, BGC Group amended and restated its bylaws to adopt a provision providing that Delaware courts shall be the exclusive forum for certain matters.

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Basis of Presentation
The Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements and, as such, the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company’s accounts and all subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling interest. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts to conform to the current presentation.
During the second quarter of 2023, the Company renamed “Data, software and post-trade” as “Data, network and post-trade” on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity of the Company for the periods presented.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The standard is expected to reduce complexity and improve comparability of financial reporting associated with accounting for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity. The ASU also enhances information transparency by making targeted improvements to the related disclosures guidance. Additionally, the amendments affect the diluted EPS calculation for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares and for convertible instruments. BGC adopted the standard on the required effective date beginning January 1, 2022, and it was applied using a modified retrospective method of transition. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The guidance is designed to provide relief from the accounting analysis and impacts that may otherwise be required for modifications to agreements (e.g., loans, debt securities, derivatives, and borrowings) necessitated by reference rate reform as entities transition away from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This ASU also provides optional expedients to enable companies to continue to apply hedge accounting to certain hedging relationships impacted by reference rate reform. Application of the guidance is optional and only available in certain situations. The ASU is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope. The amendments in this standard are elective and principally apply to entities that have derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform (referred to as the “discounting transition”). The standard expands the scope of ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform and allows entities to elect optional expedients to derivative contracts impacted by the discounting transition. Similar to ASU No. 2020-04, provisions of this ASU are effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company elected to apply the practical expedients to modifications of qualifying contracts as continuation of the existing contract rather than as a new contract. The adoption of the new guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. The standard requires business entities to make annual disclosures about transactions with a government they account for by analogizing to a grant or contribution accounting model. The guidance is aimed at increasing transparency about government assistance transactions that are not in the scope of other U.S. GAAP guidance. The ASU requires disclosure of the nature and significant terms and considerations of the transactions, the accounting policies used and the effects of those transactions on an entity’s financial statements. The new standard became effective for the Company’s financial statements issued for annual reporting periods beginning on January 1, 2022, and it will be applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The standard improves the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to the recognition of an acquired contract liability, as well as payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. The ASU requires companies to apply guidance in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers acquired in a business combination, and, thus, creates an exception to the general recognition and measurement principle in ASC 805, Business Combinations. BGC adopted the standard on the required effective date beginning January 1, 2023 using a prospective transition method for business combinations occurring on or after the effective date. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The guidance is intended to improve the decision usefulness of information provided to investors about certain loan refinancings, restructurings, and write-offs. The standard eliminates the recognition and measurement guidance on TDRs for creditors that have adopted ASC 326, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses and requires them to make enhanced disclosures about loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The new guidance also requires public business entities to present current-period gross write-offs (on a current year-to-date basis for interim-period disclosures) by year of origination in their vintage disclosures. BGC adopted the standard on the required effective date beginning January 1, 2023. The guidance for recognition and measurement of TDRs was applied using a prospective transition method, and the amendments related to disclosures will be applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Debt Restructurings Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. The guidance requires entities to disclose the key terms of supplier finance programs they use in connection with the purchase of goods and services along with information about their obligations under these programs, including a rollforward of those obligations. BGC adopted the standard on the required effective date beginning on January 1, 2023, except for the rollforward requirement, which is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2024. The guidance was adopted using a retrospective application to all periods in which a balance sheet is presented, and the rollforward disclosure requirement, when effective, will be applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting provided optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The ASU was effective upon issuance and generally could be applied through December 31, 2022. Because the current relief in ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform may not cover a period of time during which a significant number of modifications may take place, the amendments in ASU No. 2022-06 defer the sunset date from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in ASC 848. The ASU is effective upon issuance. Management is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2.    Limited Partnership Interests in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings
Prior to the Corporate Conversion, BGC Partners was a holding company with no direct operations which conducted substantially all of its operations through its operating subsidiaries. Virtually all of BGC Partners’ consolidated assets and net income were those of consolidated variable interest entities. BGC Holdings was a consolidated subsidiary of BGC Partners for which BGC Partners was the general partner. BGC Partners and BGC Holdings jointly owned BGC U.S. OpCo and BGC Global OpCo, the two operating partnerships of the Company. In addition, Newmark Holdings is a consolidated subsidiary of Newmark for which Newmark is the general partner. Newmark and Newmark Holdings jointly own Newmark OpCo, the operating partnership. Listed below are the limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings, prior to the Corporate Conversion, and Newmark Holdings. The FPUs, LPUs and limited partnership interests held by Cantor, each as described below, collectively represent all of the limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings, prior to the Corporate Conversion, and Newmark Holdings. The Corporate Conversion had no impact on Newmark and its organizational structure, nor any limited partnership interests, described below, held by BGC employees in Newmark Holdings.
As a result of the Separation, limited partnership interests in Newmark Holdings were distributed to the holders of limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings, whereby each holder of BGC Holdings limited partnership interests at that time
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who held a BGC Holdings limited partnership interest received a corresponding Newmark Holdings limited partnership interest, determined by the Contribution Ratio, which was equal to a BGC Holdings limited partnership interest multiplied by one divided by 2.2, divided by the Exchange Ratio. Initially, the Exchange Ratio equaled one, so that each Newmark Holdings limited partnership interest was exchangeable for one share of Newmark Class A common stock. For reinvestment, acquisition or other purposes, Newmark may determine on a quarterly basis to distribute to its stockholders a smaller percentage than Newmark Holdings distributes to its equity holders (excluding tax distributions from Newmark Holdings) of cash that it received from Newmark OpCo. In such circumstances, the Separation and Distribution Agreement provides that the Exchange Ratio will be reduced to reflect the amount of additional cash retained by Newmark as a result of the distribution of such smaller percentage, after the payment of taxes. The Exchange Ratio as of September 30, 2023 equaled 0.9243.
Founding/Working Partner Units
Founding/Working Partners had FPUs in BGC Holdings and have FPUs in Newmark Holdings. As of June 30, 2023, in connection with the Corporate Conversion, all FPUs in BGC Holdings were redeemed or exchanged. The Corporate Conversion had no impact on FPUs held by partners of Newmark Holdings. Prior to the Corporate Conversion, BGC Partners accounted for FPUs outside of permanent capital, as “Redeemable partnership interest,” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. This classification was applicable to Founding/Working Partner units because these units were redeemable upon termination of a partner, including a termination of employment, which could be at the option of the partner and not within the control of the issuer. The BGC RSUs issued for the redemption of non-exchangeable FPUs in BGC Holdings, in connection with the Corporate Conversion, are now accounted for as part of permanent capital.
FPUs were held by limited partners who were employees and generally received quarterly allocations of net income. Upon termination of employment or otherwise ceasing to provide substantive services, the FPUs were generally redeemed, and the unit holders were no longer entitled to participate in the quarterly allocations of net income. Since these allocations of net income were cash distributed on a quarterly basis and were contingent upon services being provided by the unit holder, they were reflected as a component of compensation expense under “Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Limited Partnership Units
Certain BGC employees held LPUs in BGC Holdings and hold LPUs in Newmark Holdings (e.g., REUs, RPUs, PSUs, and PSIs). Prior to the Separation, certain employees of both BGC and Newmark received LPUs in BGC Holdings. As a result of the Separation, these employees were distributed LPUs in Newmark Holdings equal to a BGC Holdings LPU multiplied by the Contribution Ratio. Subsequent to the Separation, BGC employees were only granted LPUs in BGC Holdings, and Newmark employees are only granted LPUs in Newmark Holdings. In connection with, or as a result of, the Corporate Conversion, certain LPUs in BGC Holdings were redeemed/converted into BGC restricted stock awards or RSUs, and upon completion of the Corporate Conversion, there were no LPUs of BGC Holdings remaining. The Corporate Conversion had no impact on LPUs in Newmark Holdings held by BGC employees.
Generally, LPUs received quarterly allocations of net income, which were cash distributed and generally were contingent upon services being provided by the unit holder. As prescribed in U.S. GAAP guidance, following the Spin-Off, the quarterly allocations of net income on BGC Holdings LPUs held by BGC employees were reflected as a component of compensation expense under “Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations prior to the Corporate Conversion, and quarterly allocations of net income on Newmark Holdings LPUs held by BGC employees, which were not impacted by the Corporate Conversion, are reflected as a component of compensation expense under "Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs" in the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Quarterly allocations of net income on BGC Holdings LPUs held by Newmark employees were reflected as a component of “Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, prior to the Corporate Conversion. From time to time, the Company also issued BGC LPUs as part of the consideration for acquisitions.
Certain of these LPUs in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings, such as REUs, entitle the holders to receive post-termination payments equal to the notional amount of the units in four equal yearly installments after the holder’s termination. There were none of these LPUs in BGC Holdings remaining after the Corporate Conversion was completed, while these LPUs in Newmark Holdings held by BGC employees were not impacted by the Corporate Conversion. These LPUs held by BGC employees are accounted for as post-termination liability awards, and in accordance with U.S. GAAP guidance, the Company records compensation expense for the awards based on the change in value at each reporting date in the Company’s unaudited
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as part of “Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs.”
Certain BGC employees held Preferred Units in BGC Holdings and hold Preferred Units in Newmark Holdings. In connection with, or as a result of, the Corporate Conversion, certain Preferred Units in BGC Holdings were redeemed/converted into BGC restricted stock awards or RSU Tax Accounts, and upon completion of the Corporate Conversion, there were no Preferred Units of BGC Holdings remaining. The Corporate Conversion had no impact on Preferred Units in Newmark Holdings held by BGC employees. The following description of LPUs and Preferred Units in BGC Holdings is only applicable for the period prior to the Corporate Conversion, and for LPUs and Preferred Units held by BGC employees in Newmark Holdings is applicable to before and after the Corporate Conversion. Each quarter, the net profits of BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings are allocated to such units at a rate of either 0.6875% (which is 2.75% per calendar year) or such other amount as set forth in the award documentation. These allocations are deducted before the calculation and distribution of the quarterly partnership distribution for the remaining partnership interests and are generally contingent upon services being provided by the unit holder. The Preferred Units are not entitled to participate in partnership distributions other than with respect to the Preferred Distribution. Preferred Units may not be made exchangeable into Class A common stock, and are only entitled to the Preferred Distribution; accordingly, they are not included in the fully diluted share count. The quarterly allocations of net income on Preferred Units are reflected the same as those of the LPUs described above in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. After deduction of the Preferred Distribution, the remaining partnership units generally received quarterly allocations of net income based on their weighted-average pro rata share of economic ownership of the operating subsidiaries. Preferred Units are granted in connection with the grant of certain LPUs, such as PSUs, which may be granted exchangeability or redeemed in connection with the issuance of shares of common stock to cover the withholding taxes owed by the unit holder, rather than issuing the gross amount of shares to employees, subject to cashless withholding of shares to pay applicable withholding taxes.
Cantor Units
Prior to the Corporate Conversion, Cantor held limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings. Cantor units were reflected as a component of “Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Cantor received allocations of net income (loss), which were cash distributed on a quarterly basis and were reflected as a component of “Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result of the Corporate Conversion, 64.0 million Cantor units were converted into shares of BGC Group Class B common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the Corporate Conversion Agreement, provided that a portion of the 64.0 million shares of BGC Group Class B common stock issued to Cantor will exchange into BGC Group Class A common stock in the event that BGC Group does not issue at least $75,000,000 in shares of BGC Group Class A or B common stock in connection with certain acquisition transactions prior to the seventh anniversary of the Corporate Conversion.
General
Certain of the limited partnership interests, described above, were granted exchangeability into shares of BGC Class A common stock, prior to the Corporate Conversion, or shares of Newmark Class A common stock, and additional limited partnership interests could become exchangeable into shares of Newmark Class A common stock. In addition, prior to the Corporate Conversion, certain limited partnership interests were granted the right to exchange into or were exchanged into a partnership unit with a capital account, such as HDUs. HDUs had a stated capital account which was initially based on the closing trading price of Class A common stock at the time the HDU was granted. HDUs participated in quarterly partnership distributions and were generally not exchangeable into shares of Class A common stock.
Subsequent to the Spin-Off and prior to the Corporate Conversion, limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings held by a partner or Cantor could become exchangeable for BGC Class A or BGC Class B common stock on a one-for-one basis. In addition, subsequent to the Spin-Off, limited partnership interests in Newmark Holdings held by a partner or Cantor may become exchangeable for a number of shares of Newmark Class A or Newmark Class B common stock equal to the number of limited partnership interests multiplied by the then-current Exchange Ratio. Because limited partnership interests were included in the Company’s fully diluted share count, if dilutive, prior to the Corporate Conversion, any previous exchanges of limited partnership interests into shares of BGC Class A or BGC Class B common stock did not impact the fully diluted number of shares and units outstanding. Because these limited partnership interests generally received quarterly allocations of net income, such exchanges had no significant impact on the cash flows or equity of BGC Partners, prior to the Corporate Conversion.
Prior to the Corporate Conversion, each quarter, net income (loss) was allocated between the limited partnership interests and BGC Partners' common stockholders. In quarterly periods in which BGC Partners had a net loss, the loss allocation for FPUs, LPUs and Cantor units in BGC Holdings was allocated to Cantor and reflected as a component of “Net
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income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. In subsequent quarters in which BGC Partners had net income, the initial allocation of income to the limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings was to Cantor and was recorded as “Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries,” to recover any losses taken in earlier quarters, with the remaining income allocated to the limited partnership interests. This income (loss) allocation process had no impact on the net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders.
3.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 3—“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in its consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no significant changes made to the Company's significant accounting policies. See below for updates to the Company's significant accounting policies related to newly issued compensation awards and other impacts as a result of the Corporate Conversion. Management believes these changes align with the guidance in ASC 250-10-45-1, which states it is not a change in accounting principle if it is an "adoption or modification of an accounting principle necessitated by transactions or events that are clearly different from those previously occurring."
Earnings Per Share:
The Company computes basic and fully diluted EPS in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, utilizing the two-class method, "if-converted" method, or treasury stock method, as applicable. For additional information, see Note 6—“Earnings Per Share."
Restricted Stock:
Restricted stock provided to certain employees by the Company is accounted for as an equity award, and as per the guidance in ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, the Company is required to record an expense for the portion of the restricted stock that is ultimately expected to vest.
Prior to the Corporate Conversion, the Company had granted restricted stock that is fully vested and not subject to continued employment or service with the Company or any affiliate or subsidiary of the Company; however, transferability is subject to compliance with BGC Partners’ and its affiliates’ customary noncompete obligations. Such shares of restricted stock are generally salable by employees in five to ten years. Because the restricted stock is not subject to continued employment or service, the grant-date fair value of the restricted stock is expensed on the date of grant. The non-cash equity-based expense is reflected as a component of “Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As a result of the Corporate Conversion, the Company has also granted shares of unvested restricted stock, which are subject to continued employment or service with the Company or any affiliate or subsidiary of the Company. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock is amortized to expense ratably over the awards' expected vesting periods. The non-cash equity-based amortization expense is reflected as a component of "Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs" in the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiaries:
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries represents equity interests in consolidated subsidiaries that are not attributable to the Company, such as the noncontrolling interest holders’ proportionate share of the profit or loss associated with joint ownership of the Company’s administrative services company in the U.K. (Tower Bridge).
4.    Acquisitions
Trident
On February 28, 2023 the Company completed the acquisition of Trident, primarily operating as a commodity brokerage and research company, offering OTC and exchange traded energy and environmental products.
Total Consideration
31
The total consideration for all acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $34.0 million, subject to post-closing adjustments, which includes cash, restricted shares of BGC Class A common stock, and an earn-out payable in cash and restricted shares of BGC Class A common stock. The excess of the consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired has been recorded as goodwill totaling $13.3 million.
There were no acquisitions completed by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Except where otherwise noted, the results of operations of the Company’s acquisition has been included in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements subsequent to the date of acquisition. The Company has made a preliminary allocation of the consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date, and expects to finalize its analysis with respect to the acquisition within the first year after the completion of the transaction. Therefore, adjustments to the preliminary allocation may occur.
5.     Divestitures
The Company had no gains or losses from divestitures or sale of investments during both the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
6.    Earnings Per Share
Basic Earnings Per Share:
The following is the calculation of the Company’s basic EPS (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders$17,046 $5,762 $16,320 $46,496 
Less: Dividends declared and allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities
(1,072)— (1,072)— 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$15,974 $5,762 $15,248 $46,496 
Basic weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding468,544 371,108 412,178 371,692 
Basic earnings (loss) per share$0.03 $0.02 $0.04 $0.13 
Fully Diluted Earnings Per Share:
32
The following is the calculation of the Company’s fully diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Fully diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$15,974 $5,762 $15,248 $46,496 
Add back: Allocations of net income (loss) to limited partnership interests, net of tax
— 1,608 (156)14,222 
Add back: Allocations of undistributed earnings to participating securities
823 — 823 — 
Less: Reallocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities
(808)— (808)— 
Net income (loss) for fully diluted shares$15,989 $7,370 $15,107 $60,718 
Weighted-average shares:
Common stock outstanding468,544 371,108 412,178 371,692 
Partnership units¹— 122,734 76,528 127,167 
Non-participating RSUs
— 1,770 1,874 1,897 
Other2
9,001 1,373 3,965 1,202 
Fully diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding
477,545 496,985 494,545 501,958 
Fully diluted earnings (loss) per share$0.03 $0.01 $0.03 $0.12 
____________________________
1Partnership units collectively include FPUs, LPUs, and Cantor units (see Note 2—“Limited Partnership Interests in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings” for more information).
2Primarily consists of other contracts to issue shares of BGC common stock.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, 12.6 million and 6.2 million, respectively, of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of fully diluted EPS because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive securities for the three months ended September 30, 2023, included 9.6 million participating RSUs and 3.0 million participating restricted stock awards. Anti-dilutive securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, included 5.2 million participating RSUs and 0.9 million participating restricted stock awards. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.6 million and 0.7 million of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of fully diluted EPS because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were comprised of RSUs.
As of September 30, 2023, approximately 62.5 million shares of contingent shares of BGC Class A common stock, non-participating RSUs and non-participating restricted stock awards were excluded from the fully diluted EPS computations because the conditions for issuance had not been met by the end of the period. As of September 30, 2022, approximately 47.3 million shares of contingent shares of BGC Class A common stock, N units, RSUs, and LPUs were excluded from the fully diluted EPS computations because the conditions for issuance had not been met by the end of the period.
7.    Stock Transactions and Unit Redemptions
Class A Common Stock
Changes in shares of BGC Class A common stock outstanding were as follows (in thousands):
33
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Shares outstanding at beginning of period351,978 324,087 325,858 317,023 
Share issuances:
Redemptions/exchanges of limited partnership interests and contingent share obligations¹
346 11,940 30,572 23,654 
Vesting of RSUs6,145 451 8,775 3,022 
Acquisitions414 — 4,566 1,186 
Other issuances of BGC Class A common stock461 98 472 441 
Restricted stock awards2
38,610 — 38,610 — 
Restricted stock forfeitures— (43)(239)(48)
Treasury stock repurchases(8,087)(12,397)(18,747)(21,142)
Shares outstanding at end of period389,867 324,136 389,867 324,136 
____________________________
1Contingent share obligations includes shares of BGC Class A common stock issued to terminated employees per their respective separation agreements. Included in redemptions/exchanges of limited partnership interests and contingent share obligations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are 0.2 million shares of BGC Class A common stock granted in connection with 0.2 million contingent share obligations, and 5.8 million shares of BGC Class A common stock granted in connection with the cancellation of 6.0 million LPUs, respectively. Included in redemptions/exchanges of limited partnership interests and contingent share obligations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are 20.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock granted in connection with the cancellation of 26.4 million LPUs and settlement of 0.2 million contingent share obligations, and 13.7 million shares of BGC Class A common stock granted in connection with the cancellation of 14.1 million LPUs, respectively. Because LPUs and contingent share obligations are included in the Company’s fully diluted share count if dilutive, redemptions/exchanges in connection with the issuance of BGC Class A common stock would not impact the fully diluted number of shares outstanding.
2Included in restricted stock awards for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are 26.6 million shares of restricted stock that do not receive dividends until their respective vesting and contingent conditions are met. These restricted stock awards do have voting rights.
Class B Common Stock
The Company issued 64.0 million shares of BGC Class B common stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the Corporate Conversion. Following the Corporate Conversion, Cantor satisfied its obligation to its holders of April 2008 distribution rights shares and February 2012 distribution rights shares through the distribution of 15.8 million shares of BGC Class B common stock to shareholders. 0.4 million shares of BGC Class B common stock were distributed by Cantor to recipients in whose hands the shares converted into shares of BGC Class A common stock pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which resulted in an increase of 0.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock outstanding and a decrease of 0.4 million shares of BGC Class B common stock outstanding. The Company did not issue any shares of BGC Class B common stock during 2022. There were 109.5 million and 45.9 million shares of BGC Class B common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
CEO Program
On March 8, 2021, the Company filed a CEO Program shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 with respect to the issuance and sale of up to an aggregate of $300.0 million of shares of BGC Class A common stock from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis. On July 8, 2022, the Company filed an amendment to the March 2021 Form S-3. On August 3, 2022, the March 2021 Form S-3 was declared effective by the SEC, and the Company entered into the August 2022 Sales Agreement on August 12, 2022. On July 3, 2023, in connection with the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group filed a post-effective amendment to the March 2021 Form S-3, pursuant to which it adopted the March 2021 Form S-3 as its own registration statement. Also on July 3, 2023, BGC Group assumed the August 2022 Sales Agreement, as amended and restated to replace references to BGC Partners with references to BGC Group and to make other ministerial changes. BGC Group may sell up to an aggregate of $300.0 million of shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the terms of the July 2023 Sales Agreement. CF&Co is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cantor and an affiliate of the Company. Under the July 2023 Sales Agreement, the Company agreed to pay CF&Co 2% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had not sold any shares of BGC Class A common stock or paid any commission to CF&Co under the August 2022 Sales Agreement.
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Unit Redemptions and Share Repurchase Program
The Company’s Board and Audit Committee have authorized repurchases of BGC Class A common stock and redemptions of limited partnership interests or other equity interests in the Company’s subsidiaries. On November 4, 2022, the Board and Audit Committee increased the BGC Partners share repurchase and unit redemption authorization to $400.0 million, which may include purchases from Cantor, its partners or employees or other affiliated persons or entities. On July 3, 2023, the BGC Group Board approved BGC Group’s share repurchase authorization in an amount up to $400.0 million, which may include purchases from Cantor, its partners or employees or other affiliated persons or entities. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $359.7 million remaining from its share repurchase and unit redemption authorization. From time to time, the Company may actively continue to repurchase shares.
The tables below represent the units redeemed and/or shares repurchased for cash and do not include units redeemed/cancelled in connection with the grant of shares of BGC Class A common stock nor the limited partnership interests exchanged for shares of BGC Class A common stock. The gross unit redemptions and share repurchases of BGC Class A common stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands, except for weighted-average price data):
PeriodTotal Number
of Units
Redeemed
or Shares
Repurchased		Weighted-Average Price
Paid per Unit
or Share
Approximate
Dollar Value
of Units and
Shares That Could Be Redeemed/
Purchased
Under the Program at September 30, 2023
Redemptions1
January 1, 2023—March 31, 202323 $3.90 
April 1, 2023—June 30, 2023422 4.91 
July 1, 2023—September 30, 2023— — 
Total Redemptions445 $4.85 
Repurchases2,3
January 1, 2023—March 31, 2023846 $4.97 
April 1, 2023—June 30, 20239,814 4.44 
July 1, 2023—July 31, 20233,000 4.68 
August 1, 2023—August 31, 20231,612 5.01 
September 1, 2023—September 30, 20233,474 5.24 
Total Repurchases18,746 $4.70 
Total Redemptions and Repurchases19,191 $4.70 $359,656 
___________________________
1During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company redeemed 0.3 million LPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $1.4 million for a weighted-average price of $4.71 per unit. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company redeemed 0.2 million FPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $0.8 million for a weighted-average price of $5.11 per unit. The table above does not include units redeemed/cancelled in connection with the grant of 20.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, nor the limited partnership interests exchanged for 13.5 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
2During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 8.1 million shares of BGC Class A common stock at an aggregate price of $40.3 million for a weighted-average price of $4.99 per share.
3During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 18.7 million shares of BGC Class A common stock at an aggregate price of $88.1 million for a weighted-average price of $4.70 per share.
The gross unit redemptions and share repurchases of BGC Class A common stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands, except for weighted-average price data):
35
PeriodTotal Number
of Units
Redeemed
or Shares
Repurchased		Weighted-Average Price
Paid per Unit
or Share
Approximate
Dollar Value
of Units and
Shares That Could Be Redeemed/
Purchased
Under the Program at September 30, 2022
Redemptions1,2
January 1, 2022—March 31, 202243 $4.01 
April 1, 2022—June 30, 20221,010 3.81 
July 1, 2022—September 30, 2022214 3.91 
Total Redemptions1,267 $3.83 
Repurchases3,4
January 1, 2022—March 31, 2022— $— 
April 1, 2022—June 30, 20228,745 3.36 
July 1, 2022—July 31, 20223,033 3.70 
August 1, 2022—August 31, 20225,916 4.14 
September 1, 2022—September 30, 20223,448 4.11 
Total Repurchases21,142 $3.75 
Total Redemptions and Repurchases22,409 $3.76 $107,655 
____________________________
1During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company redeemed 0.2 million LPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $0.8 million for a weighted-average price of $4.05 per unit. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company redeemed 27 thousand FPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $0.1 million for a weighted-average price of $2.96 per unit. The table above does not include units redeemed/cancelled in connection with the grant of 5.8 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2022, nor the limited partnership interests exchanged for 6.1 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
2During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company redeemed 1.2 million LPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $4.5 million for a weighted-average price of $3.88 per unit. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company redeemed 0.1 million FPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $0.3 million for a weighted-average price of $3.23 per unit. The table above does not include units redeemed/cancelled in connection with the grant of 13.7 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, nor the limited partnership interests exchanged for 10.6 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
3During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 12.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock at an aggregate price of $49.9 million for a weighted average price of $4.03 per share.
4During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 21.1 million shares of BGC Class A common stock at an aggregate price of $79.3 million for a weighted average price of $3.75 per share.

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Redeemable Partnership Interest
The changes in the carrying amount of FPUs were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Balance at beginning of period$— $16,446 $15,519 $18,761 
Consolidated net income allocated to FPUs— 247 236 968 
Earnings distributions— (253)(236)(1,792)
FPUs exchanged— (434)(1,301)(1,153)
FPUs redeemed— (21)288 (799)
Corporate conversion— — (14,506)— 
Balance at end of period$— $15,985 $— $15,985 
8.    Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value
Financial instruments owned, at fair value primarily consist of unencumbered U.S. Treasury bills held for liquidity purposes. Total Financial instruments owned, at fair value were $45.5 million and $39.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. For additional information, see Note 12—“Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities.”
These instruments are measured at fair value, with any changes in fair value recognized in earnings in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognized no unrealized net gains or losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company recognized no unrealized net gains or losses for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Company recognized $0.2 million unrealized net losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to the mark-to-market adjustments on such instruments.
9.    Collateralized Transactions
Repurchase Agreements
Securities sold under Repurchase Agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at the contractual amount for which the securities will be repurchased, including accrued interest. As of both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company had not facilitated any Repurchase Agreements.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Securities purchased under Reverse Repurchase Agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at the contractual amount for which the securities will be resold, including accrued interest.
For Reverse Repurchase Agreements, it is the Company’s policy to obtain possession of collateral with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned under Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Collateral is valued daily and the Company may require counterparties to deposit additional collateral or return collateral pledged when appropriate.
As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no Reverse Repurchase Agreements.

37
10.    Receivables from and Payables to Broker-Dealers, Clearing Organizations, Customers and Related Broker-Dealers
Receivables from and payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers primarily represent amounts due for undelivered securities, cash held at clearing organizations and exchanges to facilitate settlement and clearance of matched principal transactions, spreads on matched principal transactions that have not yet been remitted from/to clearing organizations and exchanges and amounts related to open derivative contracts (see Note 11—“Derivatives”). As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Receivables from and payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers1:
Contract values of fails to deliver$999,169$404,076 
Receivables from clearing organizations130,411132,149 
Other receivables from broker-dealers and customers33,90319,693 
Net pending trades7,427— 
Open derivative contracts4,3433,762 
Total$1,175,253$559,680 
Payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers1:
Contract values of fails to receive$889,926$362,682 
Payables to clearing organizations93,40016,855 
Other payables to broker-dealers and customers14,65115,871 
Net pending trades— 1,634 
Open derivative contracts4,9357,633 
Total$1,002,912$404,675 
____________________________
1Includes receivables and payables with Cantor. See Note 13—“Related Party Transactions” for additional information.
Substantially all open fails to deliver, open fails to receive and pending trade transactions as of September 30, 2023 have subsequently settled at the contracted amounts.
11.    Derivatives
In the normal course of operations, the Company enters into derivative contracts to facilitate client transactions, hedge principal positions and facilitate hedging activities of affiliated companies. These derivative contracts primarily consist of FX swaps, FX/commodities options, futures and forwards.
Derivative contracts can be exchange-traded or OTC. Exchange-traded derivatives typically fall within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy depending on whether they are deemed to be actively traded or not. The Company generally values exchange-traded derivatives using their closing prices. OTC derivatives are valued using market transactions and other market evidence whenever possible, including market-based inputs to models, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. For OTC derivatives that trade in liquid markets, such as forwards, swaps and options, model inputs can generally be verified and model selection does not involve significant management judgment. Such instruments are typically classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The Company does not designate any derivative contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. U.S. GAAP guidance requires that an entity recognize all derivative contracts as either assets or liabilities in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and measure those instruments at fair value. The fair value of all derivative contracts is presented on a net-by-counterparty basis where a legal right to offset exists under an enforceable netting agreement. Derivative contracts are recorded as part of “Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers” and “Payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
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The fair value of derivative contracts, presented in accordance with the Company’s netting policy, is set forth below (in thousands):
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Derivative contractAssetsLiabilities
Notional
Amounts1
AssetsLiabilities
Notional
Amounts1
FX swaps$2,838 $3,901 $560,009 $3,134 $5,796 $586,020 
Futures684 — 6,145,380 — 1,268 4,253,088 
Interest rate swaps547 — 185,701,672 25 — 2,114,412 
Forwards274 1,034 211,199 603 569 197,278 
Total$4,343 $4,935 $192,618,260 $3,762 $7,633 $7,150,798 

1Notional amounts represent the sum of gross long and short derivative contracts, an indication of the volume of the Company’s derivative activity, and do not represent anticipated losses.
Certain of the Company’s FX swaps are with Cantor. See Note 13—“Related Party Transactions,” for additional information related to these transactions.
The replacement costs of contracts in a gain position were $4.3 million and $3.8 million, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
39
The following tables present information about the offsetting of derivative instruments (in thousands):
September 30, 2023
Gross
Amounts		Gross
Amounts
Offset
Net Amounts Presented in the
Statements of Financial Condition1
Assets
FX swaps$3,214 $(376)$2,838 
Futures70,737 (70,053)684 
Interest rate swaps66,637 (66,090)547 
Forwards375 (101)274 
Total derivative assets$140,963 $(136,620)$4,343 
Liabilities
FX swaps$4,277 $(376)$3,901 
Forwards1,135 (101)1,034 
Futures70,053 (70,053)— 
Interest rate swaps66,090 $(66,090)— 
Total derivative liabilities$141,555 $(136,620)$4,935 
December 31, 2022
Gross
Amounts		Gross
Amounts
Offset
Net Amounts
Presented in the
Statements
of Financial
Condition1
Assets
FX swaps$3,623 $(489)$3,134 
Forwards746 (143)603 
Interest Rate Swaps895 (870)25 
Futures64,769 (64,769)— 
Total derivative assets$70,033 $(66,271)$3,762 
Liabilities
FX swaps$6,285 $(489)$5,796 
Futures66,037 (64,769)1,268 
Forwards712 (143)569 
Interest Rate Swaps870 (870)— 
Total derivative liabilities$73,904 $(66,271)$7,633 

1There were no additional balances in gross amounts not offset as of either September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
The change in fair value of derivative contracts is reported as part of “Principal transactions” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The table below summarizes gains and (losses) on derivative contracts (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Derivative contract2023202220232022
Futures$3,379 $4,054 $10,156 $12,295 
FX swaps1,046 750 1,942 1,680 
Interest rate swaps330 5 547 5 
FX/commodities options61 55 143 203 
Gains$4,816 $4,864 $12,788 $14,183 
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12.    Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
U.S. GAAP guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1 measurements—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2 measurements—Quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 measurements—Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
As required by U.S. GAAP guidance, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following tables set forth by level within the fair value hierarchy financial assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value under U.S. GAAP guidance (in thousands):
Assets at Fair Value at September 30, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting and
Collateral		Total
Financial instruments owned, at fair value—Domestic government debt$32,098 $— $— $— $32,098 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value—Foreign government debt— 12,429 — — 12,429 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value—Equities586 — — — 586 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value—Corporate bonds— 340 — — 340 
FX swaps— 3,214 — (376)2,838 
Futures— 70,737 — (70,053)684 
Interest rate swaps— 66,637 — (66,090)547 
Forwards— 375 — (101)274 
Total$32,684 $153,732 $— $(136,620)$49,796 
Liabilities at Fair Value at September 30, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting and
Collateral		Total
FX swaps$— $4,277 $— $(376)$3,901 
Forwards— 1,135 — (101)1,034 
Futures— 70,053 — (70,053)— 
Interest rate swaps— 66,090 — (66,090)— 
Contingent consideration— 5,999 5,999 
Total$— $141,555 $5,999 $(136,620)$10,934 
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Assets at Fair Value at December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting and
Collateral		Total
Financial instruments owned, at fair value—Domestic government debt$31,175 $— $— $— $31,175 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value—Foreign government debt— 7,678 — — 7,678 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value—Equities466 — — — 466 
FX swaps— 3,623 — (489)3,134 
Forwards— 746 — (143)603 
Interest rate swaps— 895 (870)25 
Futures— 64,769 — (64,769)— 
Total$31,641 $77,711 $— $(66,271)$43,081 
Liabilities at Fair Value at December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting and
Collateral		Total
FX swaps$— $6,285 $— $(489)$5,796 
Futures— 66,037 — (64,769)1,268 
Forwards— 712 — (143)569 
Interest rate swaps— 870 — (870)— 
Contingent consideration— — 24,279 — 24,279 
Total$— $73,904 $24,279 $(66,271)$31,912 
Level 3 Financial Liabilities
Changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
Unrealized (gains) losses
for the period included in:
Opening Balance at July 1, 2023Total
realized and
unrealized
(gains) losses
included in
Net income
(loss)¹		Unrealized
(gains) losses
included in
Other
comprehensive
income
 (loss)²
Purchases/
Issuances3
Sales/
Settlements		Closing Balance at September 30, 2023Net (income) loss on Level 3 Assets/Liabilities Outstanding at September 30, 2023Other comprehensive income (loss) on Level 3 Assets/Liabilities Outstanding at September 30, 2023
Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities:
Contingent consideration$8,909 $110 $— $(2,176)$(844)$5,999 $44 $— 
____________________________
1Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are reported in “Other income (loss),” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
2Unrealized gains (losses) are reported in “Foreign currency translation adjustments,” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
3For the three months ended September 30, 2023, a $2.2 million measurement period adjustment is included in “Purchases/Issuances” relating to the Trident Acquisition. (see Note 16 — “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net” for additional information).
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Changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Unrealized (gains) losses
for the period included in:
Opening Balance at July 1, 2022Total
realized and
unrealized
(gains) losses
included in
Net income
(loss)¹		Unrealized
(gains) losses
included in
Other
comprehensive
income
 (loss)²		Purchases/
Issuances		Sales/
Settlements		Closing Balance at September 30, 2022Net (income) loss on Level 3 Assets/Liabilities Outstanding at September 30, 2022Other comprehensive income (loss) on Level 3 Assets/Liabilities Outstanding at September 30, 2022
Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities:
Contingent consideration$22,791 $(62)$— $— $— $22,729 $(62)$— 
____________________________
1Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are reported in “Other income (loss),” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
2Unrealized gains (losses) are reported in “Foreign currency translation adjustments,” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
Unrealized (gains) losses
for the period included in:
Opening Balance at January 1, 2023Total
realized and
unrealized
(gains) losses
included in
Net income
(loss)¹		Unrealized
(gains) losses
included in
Other
comprehensive
income
 (loss)²		Purchases/
Issuances3		Sales/
Settlements		Closing Balance at September 30, 2023Net income (loss) on Level 3 Assets / Liabilities Outstanding at September 30, 2023Other comprehensive income (loss) on Level 3 Assets / Liabilities Outstanding at September 30, 2023
Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities:
Contingent consideration$24,279 $723 $— $2,499 $(21,502)$5,999 $116 $— 
____________________________
1Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are reported in “Other income (loss),” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
2Unrealized gains (losses) are reported in “Foreign currency translation adjustments,” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
3For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a $2.2 million measurement period adjustment is included in “Purchases/Issuances” relating to the Trident Acquisition. (see Note 16 — “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net” for additional information).

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Changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Unrealized (gains) losses
for the period included in:
Opening Balance at January 1, 2022Total
realized and
unrealized
(gains) losses
included in
Net income
(loss)¹		Unrealized
(gains) losses
included in
Other
comprehensive
income
 (loss)²		Purchases/
Issuances		Sales/
Settlements		Closing Balance at September 30, 2022Net (income) loss on Level 3 Assets/Liabilities Outstanding at September 30, 2022Other comprehensive income (loss) on Level 3 Assets/Liabilities Outstanding at September 30, 2022
Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities:
Contingent consideration$29,756 $(516)$— $— $(6,511)$22,729 $(516)$— 
____________________________
1Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are reported in “Other income (loss),” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
2Unrealized gains (losses) are reported in “Foreign currency translation adjustments,” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in the fair value measurement of Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
Fair Value as of September 30, 2023
AssetsLiabilitiesValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputsRangeWeighted
Average
Discount rate1
7.2%-9.2%
8.3%
Contingent consideration$— $5,999 Present value of
expected payments		Probability
of meeting earnout
and contingencies
90%-100%
97.4%2
____________________________
1The discount rate is based on the Company’s calculated weighted-average cost of capital.
2The probability of meeting the earnout targets was based on the acquirees’ projected future financial performance, including revenues.
Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
AssetsLiabilitiesValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputsRangeWeighted
Average
Discount rate1
6.8%-10.2%
9.9%
Contingent consideration$— $24,279 Present value of
expected payments		Probability
of meeting earnout
and contingencies
5%-100%
71.2%2
____________________________
1The discount rate is based on the Company’s calculated weighted-average cost of capital.
2The probability of meeting the earnout targets was based on the acquirees’ projected future financial performance, including revenues.
Information About Uncertainty of Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration are the discount rate and forecasted financial information. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would have resulted in a
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significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the forecasted financial information would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the present value of expected payments related to the Company’s contingent consideration was $6.0 million and $24.3 million, respectively. The undiscounted value of the payments, assuming that all contingencies are met, was $10.7 million and $34.7 million, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Fair Value Measurements on a Non-Recurring Basis
Pursuant to the recognition and measurement guidance for equity investments, equity investments carried under the measurement alternative are remeasured at fair value on a non-recurring basis to reflect observable transactions which occurred during the period. The Company applied the measurement alternative to equity securities with the fair value of $82.5 million and $83.8 million, which were included in “Other assets” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. These investments are classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, because their estimated fair value is based on valuation methods using the observable transaction price at the transaction date.
13.    Related Party Transactions
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, the BGC Group Board and the Board of Directors of BGC Partners authorized the assumption of all agreements and arrangements between BGC Partners and any executive officer, director or affiliate of BGC Partners, with such modifications to reflect the Corporate Conversion. Pursuant to the foregoing authorization, any existing agreements and arrangements between BGC Partners and any executive officer, director or affiliate of BGC Partners, were generally assumed unchanged, other than making BGC Group a party thereto.
Service Agreements
Throughout Europe and Asia, the Company provides Cantor with administrative services, technology services and other support for which it charges Cantor based on the cost of providing such services plus a mark-up, generally 7.5%. In the U.K., the Company provides these services to Cantor through Tower Bridge. The Company owns 52% of Tower Bridge and consolidates it, and Cantor owns 48%. Cantor’s interest in Tower Bridge is reflected as a component of “Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and the portion of Tower Bridge’s income attributable to Cantor is included as part of “Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. In the U.S., the Company provides Cantor with technology services, for which it charges Cantor based on the cost of providing such services.
The administrative services agreement provides that direct costs incurred are charged back to the service recipient. Additionally, the service recipient generally indemnifies the service provider for liabilities that it incurs arising from the provision of services other than liabilities arising from fraud or willful misconduct of the service provider. In accordance with the administrative service agreement, the Company has not recognized any liabilities related to services provided to affiliates.
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Cantor’s share of the net profit in Tower Bridge was $1.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Cantor’s share of the net profit or loss in Tower Bridge was $1.8 million and nil, respectively. This net profit or loss is included as part of “Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
On September 21, 2018, the Company entered into agreements to provide a guarantee and related obligation to Tower Bridge in connection with an office lease for the Company’s headquarters in London. The Company is obligated to guarantee the obligations of Tower Bridge in the event of certain defaults under the applicable lease and ancillary arrangements. In July 2018, the Audit Committee also authorized management of the Company to enter into similar guarantees or provide other forms of credit support to Tower Bridge or other affiliates of the Company from time to time in the future in similar circumstances and on similar terms and conditions.
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized related party revenues of $3.7 million and $3.9 million, respectively, for the services provided to Cantor. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized related party revenues of $11.7 million and $10.8 million, respectively, for the services provided to Cantor. These revenues are included as part of “Fees from related parties” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In the U.S., Cantor and its affiliates provide the Company with administrative services and other support for which Cantor charges the Company based on the cost of providing such services. In connection with the services Cantor provides, the
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Company and Cantor entered into an administrative services agreement whereby certain employees of Cantor are deemed leased employees of the Company.
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was charged $23.3 million and $20.3 million, respectively, for the services provided by Cantor and its affiliates, of which $16.3 million and $13.7 million, respectively, were to cover compensation to leased employees for these periods.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was charged $71.4 million and $61.8 million, respectively, for the services provided by Cantor and its affiliates, of which $48.0 million and $43.5 million, respectively, were to cover compensation to leased employees for these periods. The fees charged by Cantor for administrative and support services, other than those to cover the compensation costs of leased employees, are included as part of “Fees to related parties” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fees charged by Cantor to cover the compensation costs of leased employees are included as part of “Compensation and employee benefits” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, BGC Group, Cantor and certain affiliates of Cantor entered into an Amended and Restated U.S. Master Administrative Services Agreement and an Amended and Restated U.K. Master Administrative Services Agreement.
Purchase of Futures Exchange Group
On July 30, 2021, the Company completed the purchase of the Futures Exchange Group for a purchase price of $4.9 million at closing, plus the cash held at closing by the Futures Exchange Group, and an earn-out, only payable out of the Company’s portion of the profits of the Futures Exchange Group, capped at the amount Cantor contributed to the Futures Exchange Group prior to closing. The transaction has been accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control.
As part of the purchase of the Futures Exchange Group, Cantor has agreed to indemnify the Company for certain expenses arising at the Futures Exchange Group up to a maximum of $1.0 million. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had recorded assets of $1.0 million in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for this indemnity.
Newmark Spin-Off
The Separation and Distribution Agreement sets forth certain agreements among BGC, Cantor, Newmark and their respective subsidiaries relating to the Spin-Off. For additional information, see Note 2—“Limited Partnership Interests in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings” herein and Note 2—“Limited Partnership Interests in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings” and Note 14—“Related Party Transactions” to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Subsequent to the Spin-Off, there were remaining partners who held limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings who are Newmark employees, and there are remaining partners who hold limited partnership interests in Newmark Holdings who are BGC employees. These limited partnership interests represent interests that were held prior to the Newmark IPO or were distributed in connection with the Separation. Following the Newmark IPO, employees of BGC and Newmark only receive limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings, respectively. As a result of the Spin-Off, as the previous limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings held by Newmark employees and the existing limited partnership interests in Newmark Holdings held by BGC employees were/are exchanged/redeemed, the related capital is contributed to and from Cantor, respectively.
Prior to the Corporate Conversion, all BGC Holdings units held by employees of Newmark were redeemed or exchanged, in each case, for shares of BGC Class A common stock.
Clearing Agreement with Cantor
The Company receives certain clearing services from Cantor pursuant to its clearing agreement. These clearing services are provided in exchange for payment by the Company of third-party clearing costs and allocated costs. The costs associated with these payments are included as part of “Fees to related parties” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The costs for these services are included as part of the charges to BGC for services provided by Cantor and its affiliates as discussed in “Service Agreements” above.
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Clearing Capital Agreement with Cantor
In November 2008, the Company entered into a clearing capital agreement with Cantor to clear U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities transactions on the Company’s behalf. In June 2020, this clearing capital agreement was amended to cover Cantor providing clearing services in all eligible financial products to the Company and not just U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, so long as Cantor is providing clearing services to BGC, Cantor shall be entitled to request from the Company cash or other collateral acceptable to Cantor in the amount reasonably requested by Cantor under the clearing capital agreement or Cantor will post cash or other collateral on BGC’s behalf for a commercially reasonable charge. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was charged $0.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively, by Cantor for the cash or other collateral posted by Cantor on BGC’s behalf. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was charged $1.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively, by Cantor for the cash or other collateral posted by Cantor on BGC’s behalf. Cantor had not requested any cash or other property from the Company as collateral as of September 30, 2023.
Other Agreements with Cantor
The Company is authorized to enter into short-term arrangements with Cantor to cover any delivery failures in connection with U.S. Treasury securities transactions and to share equally in any net income resulting from such transactions, as well as any similar clearing and settlement issues. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Cantor had not facilitated any Repurchase Agreements between the Company and Cantor.
As part of the Company’s cash management process, the Company may enter into tri-party Reverse Repurchase Agreements and other short-term investments, some of which may be with Cantor. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no Reverse Repurchase Agreements outstanding.
To more effectively manage the Company’s exposure to changes in FX rates, the Company and Cantor have agreed to jointly manage the exposure. As a result, the Company is authorized to divide the quarterly allocation of any profit or loss relating to FX currency hedging between the Company and Cantor. The amount allocated to each party is based on the total net exposure for the Company and Cantor. The ratio of gross exposures of the Company and Cantor is utilized to determine the shares of profit or loss allocated to each for the period. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized its share of FX losses of $2.1 million and FX gains of $1.6 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized its share of FX gains of $2.8 million and $3.6 million, respectively. These gains are included as part of “Other expenses” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Pursuant to the separation agreement relating to the Company’s acquisition of certain BGC businesses from Cantor in 2008, Cantor has a right, subject to certain conditions, to be the Company’s customer and to pay the lowest commissions paid by any other customer, whether by volume, dollar or other applicable measure. In addition, Cantor has an unlimited right to internally use market data from the Company without any cost. Any future related-party transactions or arrangements between the Company and Cantor are subject to the prior approval by the Audit Committee. During both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded revenues from Cantor entities of $0.1 million, related to commissions paid to the Company by Cantor. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded revenues from Cantor entities of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, related to commissions paid to the Company by Cantor. These revenues are included as part of “Commissions” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company and Cantor are authorized to utilize each other’s brokers to provide brokerage services for securities not brokered by such entity, so long as, unless otherwise agreed, such brokerage services were provided in the ordinary course and on terms no less favorable to the receiving party than such services are provided to typical third-party customers.
In August 2013, the Audit Committee authorized the Company to invest up to $350.0 million in an asset-backed commercial paper program for which certain Cantor entities serve as placement agent and referral agent. The program issues short-term notes to money market investors and is expected to be used by the Company from time to time as a liquidity management vehicle. The notes are backed by assets of highly rated banks. The Company is entitled to invest in the program so long as the program meets investment policy guidelines, including policies related to ratings. Cantor will earn a spread between the rate it receives from the short-term note issuer and the rate it pays to the Company on any investments in this program. This spread will be no greater than the spread earned by Cantor for placement of any other commercial paper note in the program. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any investments in the program.
On June 5, 2015, the Company entered into the Exchange Agreement with Cantor providing Cantor, CFGM and other Cantor affiliates entitled to hold BGC Class B common stock the right to exchange from time to time, on a one-to-one basis, subject to adjustment, up to an aggregate of 34.6 million shares of BGC Class A common stock now owned or subsequently
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acquired by such Cantor entities for up to an aggregate of 34.6 million shares of BGC Class B common stock. Such shares of BGC Class B common stock, are already included in the Company’s share count and will not increase Cantor’s current maximum potential voting power in the common equity. The Exchange Agreement enabled the Cantor entities to acquire the same number of shares of BGC Class B common stock that they were already entitled to acquire, prior to the Corporate conversion, without having to exchange Cantor units in BGC Holdings. The Audit Committee and Board determined that it was in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to approve the Exchange Agreement because it would help ensure that, prior to the Corporate Conversion, Cantor retained its units in BGC Holdings, which was the same partnership in which the Company’s partner employees participated, thus aligning the interests of Cantor with those of the partner employees.
On November 23, 2018, in the Class B Issuance, BGC Partners issued 10.3 million shares of BGC Class B common stock to Cantor and 0.7 million shares of BGC Class B common stock to CFGM, in each case in exchange for shares of BGC Class A common stock owned by Cantor and CFGM, respectively, on a one-to-one basis pursuant to the Exchange Agreement. Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, no additional consideration was paid to BGC Partners by Cantor or CFGM for the Class B Issuance.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, the Exchange Agreement with Cantor terminated based on its own terms.
On July 1, 2023, as a result of the Corporate Conversion, the total outstanding 64.0 million Cantor units were converted into shares of BGC Class B common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the Corporate Conversion Agreement, provided that a portion of the 64.0 million shares of BGC Class B common stock issued to Cantor will convert into BGC Class A common stock in the event that BGC Group does not issue at least $75.0 million in shares of BGC Class A or B common stock in connection with certain acquisition transactions prior to the seventh anniversary of the Corporate Conversion.
As of September 30, 2023, Cantor and CFGM did not own any shares of BGC Class A common stock. As of September 30, 2023, Cantor and CFGM owned 93.3 million and 3.0 million shares of BGC Class B common stock, respectively.
On March 19, 2018, BGC Partners entered into the BGC Credit Agreement with Cantor. The BGC Credit Agreement provides for each party and certain of its subsidiaries to issue loans to the other party or any of its subsidiaries in the lender’s discretion in an aggregate principal amount up to $250.0 million outstanding at any time. The BGC Credit Agreement replaced the previous Credit Facility between BGC Partners and an affiliate of Cantor. On August 6, 2018, BGC Partners entered into an amendment to the BGC Credit Agreement, which increased the aggregate principal amount that could be loaned to the other party or any of its subsidiaries from $250.0 million to $400.0 million that can be outstanding at any time. The BGC Credit Agreement will mature on the earlier to occur of (a) March 19, 2024, after which the maturity date of the BGC Credit Agreement will continue to be extended for successive one-year periods unless prior written notice of non-extension is given by a lending party to a borrowing party at least six months in advance of such renewal date and (b) the termination of the BGC Credit Agreement by either party pursuant to its terms. The outstanding amounts under the BGC Credit Agreement will bear interest for any rate period at a per annum rate equal to the higher of BGC Partners’ or Cantor’s short-term borrowing rate in effect at such time plus 1.00%. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no borrowings by BGC Partners or Cantor outstanding under this Agreement. The Company did not record any interest expense related to the Agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Receivables from and Payables to Related Broker-Dealers
Amounts due to or from Cantor and Freedom, one of the Company’s equity method investments, are for transactional revenues under a technology and services agreement with Freedom, as well as for open derivative contracts. These are included as part of “Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers” or “Payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had receivables from Freedom of $1.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $2.8 million and $3.1 million, respectively, in receivables from Cantor related to open derivative contracts. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $4.7 million and $5.8 million, respectively, in payables to Cantor related to open derivative contracts. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $1.0 million in receivables from Cantor related to fails and pending trades. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any receivables from and payables to Cantor related to fails and pending trades.
Loans, Forgivable Loans and Other Receivables from Employees and Partners, Net
The Company has entered into various agreements with certain BGC employees and partners whereby these individuals receive loans which may be either wholly or in part repaid from the distributions that the individuals receive on
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some or all of their LPUs in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings, prior to the Corporate Conversion, and by distributions that the individuals receive on some or all of their LPUs in Newmark Holdings and any dividends paid on participating RSUs and restricted stock awards, subsequent to the Corporate Conversion. Certain of these loans also may be either wholly or in part repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the BGC employees' shares of BGC Class A common stock. In addition certain loans may be forgiven over a period of time. The forgivable portion of these loans is recognized as compensation expense over the life of the loan. From time to time, the Company may also enter into agreements with employees to grant bonus and salary advances or other types of loans. These advances and loans are repayable in the timeframes outlined in the underlying agreements.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate balance of employee loans, net, was $348.5 million and $319.6 million, respectively, and is included as “Loans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, net” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Compensation expense for the above-mentioned employee loans for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $10.2 million and $10.7 million, respectively. Compensation expense for the above-mentioned employee loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $35.6 million and $35.1 million, respectively. The compensation expense related to these employee loans is included as part of “Compensation and employee benefits” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Interest income on the above-mentioned employee loans for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $2.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Interest income on the above-mentioned employee loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $5.9 million and $5.2 million, respectively. The interest income related to these employee loans is included as part of “Interest and dividend income” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
CEO Program and Other Transactions with CF&Co
As discussed in Note 7—“Stock Transactions and Unit Redemptions,” BGC Partners entered into the August 2022 Sales Agreement, and after the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group entered into the July 2023 Sales Agreement with CF&Co as the Company’s sales agent under the CEO Program. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not sell any shares of Class A common stock under its CEO Program. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was not charged for services provided by CF&Co related to the CEO Program with CF&Co. The net proceeds of any shares sold would be included as part of “Additional paid-in capital” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company has engaged CF&Co and its affiliates to act as financial advisors in connection with one or more third-party business combination transactions as requested by the Company on behalf of its affiliates from time to time on specified terms, conditions and fees. The Company may pay finders’, investment banking or financial advisory fees to broker-dealers, including, but not limited to, CF&Co and its affiliates, from time to time in connection with certain business combination transactions, and, in some cases, the Company may issue shares of BGC Class A common stock in full or partial payment of such fees.
On October 3, 2014, management was granted approval by the Board and Audit Committee to enter into stock loan transactions with CF&Co utilizing equities securities. Such stock loan transactions will bear market terms and rates. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any Securities loaned transactions with CF&Co.
On July 24, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate of $450.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes. The BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes are general senior unsecured obligations of the Company. In connection with this issuance of BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes, the Company recorded approximately $0.3 million in underwriting fees payable to CF&Co. The Company also paid CF&Co an advisory fee of $0.2 million in connection with the issuance. These fees were recorded as a deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, which is amortized as interest expense over the term of the notes.
On September 27, 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of $300.0 million principal amount of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes. In connection with this issuance of BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes, the Company recorded $0.2 million in underwriting fees payable to CF&Co. These fees were recorded as a deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, which is amortized as interest expense over the term of the notes.
On June 11, 2020, BGC Partners’ Board of Directors and its Audit Committee authorized a debt repurchase program for the repurchase by the Company of up to $50.0 million of Company Debt Securities, and on July 1, 2023, BGC Group’s Board of Directors and its Audit Committee authorized a debt repurchase program for the repurchase by the Company of up to $50.0 million of Company Debt Securities. Repurchases of Company Debt Securities, if any, are expected to reduce future cash interest payments, as well as future amounts due at maturity or upon redemption. Under the
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authorization, the Company may make repurchases of Company Debt Securities for cash from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions upon such terms and at such prices as management may determine. Additionally, the Company is authorized to make any such repurchases of Company Debt Securities through CF&Co (or its affiliates), in its capacity as agent or principal, or such other broker-dealers as management shall determine to utilize from time to time, and such repurchases shall be subject to brokerage commissions which are no higher than standard market commission rates. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $50.0 million remaining under its debt repurchase authorization.
On July 10, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of $300.0 million principal amount of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes. In connection with this issuance of BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes, the Company recorded $0.2 million in underwriting fees payable to CF&Co. These fees were recorded as a deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, which is amortized as interest expense over the term of the notes. Cantor purchased $14.5 million of such senior notes and still holds such notes as of September 30, 2023.
On May 25, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of $350.0 million principal amount of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes. In connection with this issuance of BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes, the Company recorded $0.3 million in underwriting fees payable to CF&Co. These fees were recorded as a deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, which is amortized as interest expense over the term of the notes.
Cantor Rights to Purchase Cantor Units from BGC Holdings
Prior to the Corporate Conversion, Cantor had the right to purchase Cantor units from BGC Holdings upon redemption of non-exchangeable FPUs redeemed by BGC Holdings upon termination or bankruptcy of the Founding/Working Partner. In addition, pursuant to Article Eight, Section 8.08, of the Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement, where either current, terminating, or terminated partners were permitted by the Company to exchange any portion of their FPUs and Cantor consents to such exchangeability, the Company would offer to Cantor the opportunity for Cantor to purchase the same number of Cantor units in BGC Holdings at the price that Cantor would have paid for Cantor units had the Company redeemed the FPUs. If Cantor acquired any Cantor units as a result of the purchase or redemption by BGC Holdings of any FPUs, Cantor would be entitled to the benefits (including distributions) of such units it acquired from the date of termination or bankruptcy of the applicable Founding/Working Partner.
On May 17, 2022, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate of 427,494 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $841,010 as a result of the redemption of 427,494 FPUs, and 52,681 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $105,867 as a result of the exchange of 52,681 FPUs.
On October 25, 2022, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate of 275,833 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $397,196 as a result of the redemption of 275,833 FPUs, and 77,507 Cantor units for aggregate consideration of $142,613 as a result of the exchange of 77,507 FPUs.
On April 16, 2023, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate of 533,757 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $1,051,080 as a result of the redemption of 533,757 FPUs, and 85,775 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $173,154 as a result of the exchange of 85,775 FPUs.
On June 30, 2023, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate of 5,425,209 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $9,715,772 as a result of the redemption of 5,425,209 FPUs, and 324,223 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $598,712 as a result of the exchange of 324,223 FPUs.
As of September 30, 2023, there were no FPUs in BGC Holdings remaining.
Cantor Aurel Revenue Sharing Agreement
On June 24, 2021, the Board and Audit Committee authorized the Company’s French subsidiary, Aurel BGC SAS, to enter into a revenue sharing agreement pursuant to which Cantor shall provide services to Aurel to support Aurel’s investment banking activities with respect to special purpose acquisition companies. The services provided by Cantor to Aurel in support of such SPAC Investment Banking Activities shall include referral of clients, structuring advice, financial advisory services, referral of investors, deal execution services, and other advisory services in support of Aurel’s SPAC Investment Banking Activities pursuant to its French investment services license. As compensation, Cantor shall receive a revenue share of 80% of Aurel’s net revenue attributable to SPAC Investment Banking Activities. The term of the revenue sharing agreement was for an initial period of 12 months, which automatically renews each year unless either party provides notice of termination at least three months prior to the anniversary. Aurel is also authorized to serve as bookrunner, underwriter or advisor in connection with French SPACs which are sponsored by Cantor at market rates for such services. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Aurel had no revenue or fees payable to Cantor attributable to SPAC Investment Banking Activities.
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Transactions with Executive Officers and Directors
On September 21, 2023, Mr. Windeatt sold 474,808 shares of BGC Class A common stock, to the Company. The sale price per share of $5.29 was the closing price of a share of BGC Class A common stock on September 21, 2023. The transaction was approved by the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Board and was made pursuant to the Company’s stock buyback authorization.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion, on June 2, 2023 Mr. Merkel sold 150,000 shares of Class A common stock to BGC Partners at $4.21 per share, the closing price of a share of Class A common stock on June 2, 2023. The transaction was approved by the Audit and Compensation Committees of the Board of BGC Partners and was made pursuant to BGC Partners’ stock buyback authorization.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion, on May 18, 2023, the BGC Partners Compensation Committee approved the redemption of all of the non-exchangeable BGC Holdings units held by Mr. Stephen Merkel at that time. On May 18, 2023, Mr. Merkel’s 148,146 NPSU-CVs, 33,585 PSU-CVs, and 74,896 PSUs were redeemed for zero and an aggregate of 256,627 shares of Class A common stock were granted to Mr. Merkel, and 148,146 NPPSU-CVs with a total determination amount of $681,250 and 33,585 PPSU-CVs with a total determination amount of $162,500 were redeemed for an aggregate cash payment of $843,750. After deduction of shares of BGC Class A common stock to satisfy applicable tax withholding through the surrender of shares of BGC Class A common stock valued at $4.61 per share, Mr. Merkel received 196,525 net shares of Class A common stock.
Since Mr. Lutnick had previously repeatedly waived his rights under the standing policy, as of May 18, 2023 his rights had accumulated for 7,879,736 non-exchangeable PSUs, and 103,763 non-exchangeable PPSUs with a determination amount of $474,195. Due to the May 18, 2023 monetization of all of Mr. Merkel’s then-remaining non-exchangeable BGC Holdings units, on such date Mr. Lutnick received additional incremental monetization rights for his then-remaining 3,452,991 non-exchangeable PSUs, and 1,348,042 non-exchangeable PPSUs with a determination amount of $6,175,805.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion and, as a result of the monetization event for Mr. Merkel, on May 18, 2023 Mr. Lutnick elected to exercise in full his monetization rights under the standing policy, which he had previously waived in prior years. All of the non-exchangeable BGC Holdings units that Mr. Lutnick held at that time were monetized as follows: 11,332,727 PSUs were redeemed for zero and 11,332,727 shares of Class A common stock were granted to Mr. Lutnick, and 1,451,805 PPSUs with an aggregate determination amount of $6,650,000 were redeemed for an aggregate cash payment of $6,650,000. After deduction of applicable tax withholding through the surrender of shares of BGC Class A common stock valued at $4.61 per share, Mr. Lutnick received 5,710,534 net shares of Class A common stock.
On May 18, 2023, Mr. Lutnick also exchanged his then-remaining 520,380 exchangeable PSUs for 520,380 shares of Class A common stock. After deduction of applicable tax withholding through the surrender of shares of Class A common stock valued at $4.61 per share, Mr. Lutnick received 232,610 net shares of Class A common stock. In addition, on May 18, 2023, Mr. Lutnick’s then-remaining 1,474,930 non-exchangeable HDUs were redeemed for a cash capital account payment of $9,148,000, $2.1 million of which was paid by BGC Partners with the remainder paid by Newmark Group, Inc. As a result of the various transactions on May 18, 2023 described above, on May 18, 2023, Mr. Lutnick no longer held any limited partnership units of BGC Holdings.
On April 18, 2023, Dr. Bell sold 21,786 shares of Class A common stock to the Company. The sale price per share of $4.59 was the closing price of a share of Class A common stock on April 18, 2023. The transaction was approved by the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Board and was made pursuant to the Company’s stock buyback authorization.
On March 14, 2022, the Compensation Committee of BGC Partners approved the grant of exchange rights to Mr. Windeatt with respect to 135,514 non-exchangeable BGC Holdings LPU-NEWs and 27,826 non-exchangeable PLPU-NEWs (at the average determination price of $4.84 per unit). On August 11, 2022, the Company repurchased 135,514 exchangeable BGC Holdings LPU-NEWs held by Mr. Windeatt at the price of $4.08 per unit, which was the closing price of the BGC Class A common stock on August 11, 2022, and redeemed 27,826 exchangeable PLPU-NEWs held by Mr. Windeatt for $134,678, less applicable taxes and withholdings.
On April 1, 2021, the Compensation Committee of BGC Partners granted Mr. Windeatt 128,279 non-exchangeable limited partnership interests of BGC Holdings, and on April 1, 2023, such non-exchangeable limited partnership interests became immediately exchangeable for an aggregate of 128,279 shares of Class A common stock. On June 8, 2023, the Company repurchased all of such 128,279 exchangeable limited partnership interests held by Mr. Windeatt at a price of $4.79, the closing price of a share of Class A common stock on June 8, 2023. This repurchase was approved by the Compensation Committee of BGC Partners.
Mr. Windeatt 2023 Deed of Amendment
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On July 12, 2023, Mr. Windeatt executed the 2023 Deed of Amendment with the U.K. Partnership which amends his prior executed Deed of Adherence with the U.K. Partnership regarding the terms of his employment. Under the 2023 Deed of Amendment, the initial period of Mr. Windeatt’s membership in the U.K. Partnership was extended from September 30, 2025 to December 31, 2028. In addition, under the 2023 Deed of Amendment, commencing January 1, 2027, either party may terminate the Deed by giving written notice to the other party at least 24 months prior to the expiration of the initial period. Mr. Windeatt’s membership, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of the Deed, will continue following December 31, 2028 on the same terms and conditions set forth in the Deed until written notice to terminate is provided and the 24 month notice period expires.
Pursuant to the 2023 Deed of Amendment, Mr. Windeatt is also entitled to an increase in drawings from an aggregate amount of £600,000 per year to an aggregate amount of £700,000 per year effective January 1, 2023, which shall be reviewed by the Compensation Committee annually. Mr. Windeatt is also eligible for additional allocations of the U.K. Partnership’s profits, subject to the approval of the Compensation Committee.
In connection and in consideration for Mr. Windeatt’s execution of the 2023 Deed of Amendment, on July 10, 2023 the Company approved accelerating the vesting of 720,509 of the Company’s RSUs held by Mr. Windeatt (calculated based upon the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on July 10, 2023 which was $4.45) and the vesting of $780,333 of the RSU Tax Account held by Mr. Windeatt. Such RSUs and RSU Tax Account amount vested on July 12, 2023, and the total value of this transaction was approximately $3,986,600.
Transactions with the Relief Fund
During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company committed to make charitable contributions to the Cantor Fitzgerald Relief Fund in the amount of $40.0 million, which was included in “Other expenses” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 and “Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company had fully paid the $40.0 million commitment during the third quarter of 2022.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an additional liability to the Cantor Fitzgerald Relief Fund and The Cantor Foundation (UK) for $15.6 million and $9.2 million, respectively, which included $6.7 million and $6.4 million of additional expense taken in September 2023 and 2022, respectively, above the original $40.0 million commitment.
Other Transactions
As of December 31, 2021, BGC recognized $8.3 million, payable to Newmark, which is included as part of “Payables to related parties” and “Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities,” respectively, in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The payable was a result of taxes paid by Newmark on its share of taxable income which were included as part of the Company’s consolidated tax return in the periods prior to the Spin-Off. BGC repaid the $8.3 million tax payment to Newmark during the first three months ended March 31, 2022.
The Company was authorized to enter into loans, investments or other credit support arrangements for Aqua, an alternative electronic trading platform that offered new pools of block liquidity to the global equities markets; such arrangements were proportionally and on the same terms as similar arrangements between Aqua and Cantor. On February 15, 2022 and February 25, 2021, the Board and Audit Committee increased the authorized amount by an additional $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively, to an aggregate of $21.2 million. The Company had been further authorized to provide counterparty or similar guarantees on behalf of Aqua from time to time, provided that liability for any such guarantees, as well as similar guarantees provided by Cantor, would be shared proportionally with Cantor. Aqua was 51% owned by Cantor and 49% owned by the Company. Aqua was accounted for under the equity method. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not make any contribution to Aqua. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company made $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, in contributions to Aqua. These contributions are recorded as part of “Investments” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company had also entered into a subordinated loan agreement with Aqua, whereby the Company loaned Aqua the principal sum of $1.0 million. The scheduled maturity date on the subordinated loan is September 1, 2024. The loan to Aqua was recorded as part of “Receivables from related parties” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. In November 2022, the subordinated loan was designated as a non-accrual loan, and therefore, the Company did not recognize any interest income on this loan. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company wrote off $0.6 million of the subordinated loan, which was recorded as part of “Other expenses” on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has a remaining loan receivable of
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$0.4 million as part of “Receivables from related parties” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
On October 25, 2016, the Board and Audit Committee authorized the purchase of 9,000 Class B Units of Lucera, representing all of the issued and outstanding Class B Units of Lucera not already owned by the Company. On November 4, 2016, the Company completed this transaction. As a result of this transaction, the Company owns 100% of the ownership interests in Lucera.
In the purchase agreement, by which the Company acquired Cantor’s remaining interest in Lucera, Cantor agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to solicit certain senior executives of Lucera’s business and was granted the right to be a customer of Lucera’s businesses on the best terms made available to any other customer.
14.    Investments
Equity Method Investments
The carrying value of the Company’s equity method investments was $35.5 million as of September 30, 2023 and $38.4 million as of December 31, 2022, and is included in “Investments” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company recognized gains of $2.1 million and $3.2 million related to its equity method investments for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recognized gains of $6.6 million and $8.8 million related to its equity method investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s share of the net gains or losses is reflected in “Gains (losses) on equity method investments” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not record impairment charges related to existing equity method investments. The Company did not sell any equity method investments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
See Note 13—“Related Party Transactions,” for information regarding related party transactions with unconsolidated entities included in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Investments Carried Under Measurement Alternative
The Company has acquired equity investments for which it did not have the ability to exert significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investees. These investments are accounted for using the measurement alternative in accordance with the guidance on recognition and measurement. The carrying value of these investments as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $0.2 million, respectively, and they are included in “Investments” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company did not recognize any gains, losses, or impairments relating to investments carried under the measurement alternative for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
In addition, the Company owns membership shares, which are included in “Other assets” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. These equity investments are accounted for using the measurement alternative in accordance with the guidance on recognition and measurement. The Company recognized unrealized losses of nil and $1.3 million to reflect observable transactions for these shares during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized unrealized gains of nil and $1.9 million to reflect observable transactions for these shares during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The unrealized gains (losses) are reflected in “Other income (loss)” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investments in VIEs
Certain of the Company’s equity method investments are considered VIEs, as defined under the accounting guidance for consolidation. The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of and therefore does not consolidate these VIEs. The Company’s involvement with such entities is in the form of direct equity interests and related agreements. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to the VIEs is its investment in such entities, as well as a credit facility and a subordinated loan.
The following table sets forth the Company’s investment in its unconsolidated VIEs and the maximum exposure to loss with respect to such entities (in thousands):
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September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
InvestmentMaximum Exposure to LossInvestmentMaximum Exposure to Loss
Variable interest entities¹$1,886 $2,316 $2,530 $2,959 
____________________________
1The Company has entered into a subordinated loan agreement with Aqua, whereby the Company agreed to lend the principal sum of $1.0 million. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to its unconsolidated VIEs includes the sum of its equity investments in its unconsolidated VIEs and the remaining $0.4 million of the subordinated loan to Aqua.
Consolidated VIE
The Company invested in a limited liability company that is focused on developing a proprietary trading technology. The limited liability company is a VIE and it was determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of this VIE because the Company was the provider of the majority of this VIE’s start-up capital and has the power to direct the activities of this VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, primarily through its voting percentage and consent rights on the activities that would most significantly influence the entity. The consolidated VIE had total assets of $9.1 million and $9.2 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which primarily consisted of clearing margin. There were no material restrictions on the consolidated VIE’s assets. The consolidated VIE had total liabilities of $1.7 million and $1.4 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company’s exposure to economic loss on this VIE was $5.2 million and $5.5 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
15.    Fixed Assets, Net
Fixed assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Computer and communications equipment$100,414 $95,730 
Software, including software development costs348,830 320,275 
Leasehold improvements and other fixed assets95,910 94,875 
545,154 510,880 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(368,755)(327,402)
Fixed assets, net$176,399 $183,478 
Depreciation expense was $5.2 million and $5.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense was $15.7 million and $16.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation is included as part of “Occupancy and equipment” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company has $5.9 million and $5.8 million of asset retirement obligations related to certain of its leasehold improvements as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The associated asset retirement cost is capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset. The liability is discounted and accretion expense is recognized using the credit adjusted risk-free interest rate in effect when the liability was initially recognized.
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, software development costs totaling $9.5 million and $12.6 million, respectively, were capitalized. Amortization of software development costs totaled $12.6 million and $9.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, software development costs totaling $33.9 million and $35.1 million, respectively, were capitalized. Amortization of software development costs totaled $32.4 million and $27.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization of software development costs is included as part of “Occupancy and equipment” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Impairment charges of $0.2 million and $0.3 million were recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the evaluation of capitalized software projects for future benefit and for fixed assets no longer in service. Impairment charges of $3.0 million and $5.6 million were recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the evaluation of capitalized software projects for future benefit and for fixed assets no longer in service. Impairment charges related to capitalized software and fixed assets are reflected in “Occupancy and equipment” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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16.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows (in thousands):
Goodwill
Balance at December 31, 2022$486,585 
Acquisitions14,831 
Measurement period adjustments(1,493)
Cumulative translation adjustment874 
Balance at September 30, 2023$500,797 
For additional information on Goodwill, see Note 4—“Acquisitions.”
Goodwill is not amortized and is reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, in accordance with U.S. GAAP guidance on Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.
Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands, except weighted-average remaining life):
September 30, 2023
Gross
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net Carrying
Amount		Weighted-
Average
Remaining Life
(Years)
Definite life intangible assets:
Customer-related$195,846 $93,699 $102,147 8.8
Technology23,997 23,997 — N/A
Noncompete agreements20,144 19,258 886 3.6
Patents11,880 10,628 1,252 3.0
All other18,434 8,419 10,015 9.6
Total definite life intangible assets270,301 156,001 114,300 8.8
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Trade names79,570 79,570 N/A
Licenses2,208 2,208 N/A
Domain name454 454 N/A
Total indefinite life intangible assets82,232 — 82,232 N/A
Total$352,533 $156,001 $196,532 8.8

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December 31, 2022
Gross
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net Carrying
Amount		Weighted-
Average
Remaining Life
(Years)
Definite life intangible assets:
Customer-related$173,436 $74,337 $99,099 9.3
Technology23,997 23,997 — N/A
Noncompete agreements19,818 19,078 740 3.9
Patents11,473 10,430 1,043 3.1
All other17,035 7,442 9,593 8.7
Total definite life intangible assets245,759 135,284 110,475 9.2
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Trade names79,570 — 79,570 N/A
Licenses2,284 — 2,284 N/A
Domain name454 — 454 N/A
Total indefinite life intangible assets82,308 — 82,308 N/A
Total$328,067 $135,284 $192,783 9.2
Intangible amortization expense was $4.1 million and $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Intangible amortization expense was $12.0 million and $11.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Intangible amortization is included as part of “Other expenses” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were no impairment charges for the Company’s definite and indefinite life intangibles for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
The estimated future amortization expense of definite life intangible assets as of September 30, 2023 is as follows (in millions):
2023$4.0 
202416.2 
202516.2 
202615.8 
202711.5 
2028 and thereafter50.6 
Total$114.3 
17.    Notes Payable, Other and Short-Term Borrowings
Notes payable, other and short-term borrowings consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Unsecured senior revolving credit agreement$238,878 $— 
BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes due July 24, 2023
— 449,243 
BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes due October 1, 2024
299,180 298,558 
BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes due December 15, 2025
298,630 298,165 
BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes due May 25, 2028
346,755 — 
Collateralized borrowings— 3,251 
Total Notes payable and other borrowings1,183,443 1,049,217 
Short-term borrowings— 1,917 
Total Notes payable, other and short-term borrowings$1,183,443 $1,051,134 
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Unsecured Senior Revolving Credit Agreement
On November 28, 2018, BGC Partners entered into the Revolving Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders, which replaced the previously existing committed unsecured senior revolving credit agreement. The maturity date of the Revolving Credit Agreement was November 28, 2020, and the maximum revolving loan balance was $350.0 million. Borrowings under this Revolving Credit Agreement bore interest at either LIBOR or a defined base rate plus additional margin. On December 11, 2019, BGC Partners entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, the maturity date was extended to February 26, 2021. On February 26, 2020, BGC Partners entered into a second amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement, pursuant to which the maturity date was extended by two years to February 26, 2023. There was no change to the interest rate or the maximum revolving loan balance. On March 10, 2022, BGC Partners entered into an amendment and restatement of the senior unsecured revolving credit agreement, pursuant to which the maturity date was extended to March 10, 2025, the size of the credit facility was increased to $375.0 million, and borrowings under this agreement will bear interest based on either SOFR or a defined base rate plus additional margin. As of September 30, 2023, there were $238.9 million borrowings outstanding, net of deferred financing costs of $1.1 million. As of December 31, 2022, there was no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Agreement. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the Revolving Credit Agreement of $3.7 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the Revolving Credit Agreement of $6.6 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Senior Notes
The BGC Partners Notes are recorded at amortized cost. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the BGC Partners Notes were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Carrying
Amount		Fair
Value		Carrying
Amount		Fair
Value
BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes due July 24, 2023
$— $— $449,243 $449,007 
BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes due October 1, 2024
299,180 288,468 298,558 286,894 
BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes due December 15, 2025
298,630 278,625 298,165 281,114 
BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes due May 25, 2028
346,755 338,799 ——
Total$944,565 $905,892 $1,045,966$1,017,015
The fair values of the BGC Partners Notes were determined using observable market prices as these securities are traded, and based on whether they are deemed to be actively traded, the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes, the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes, the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes and the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes are considered Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
5.375% Senior Notes
On July 24, 2018, BGC Partners issued an aggregate of $450.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes. The BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes were general senior unsecured obligations of BGC Partners. The BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes bore interest at a rate of 5.375% per year, payable in cash on January 24 and July 24 of each year, commencing January 24, 2019. The BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes matured on July 24, 2023. Prior to maturity, BGC Partners was able to redeem some or all of the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole” redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes). If a “Change of Control Triggering Event” (as defined in the supplemental indenture) occurred, holders could have required BGC Partners to purchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the purchase date. The initial carrying value of the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes was $444.2 million, net of the discount and debt issuance costs of $5.8 million. The issuance costs were amortized as interest expense and the carrying value of the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes accreted up to the face amount over the term of the notes. On July 24, 2023, BGC Partners repaid the principal plus accrued interest on the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes of $1.7 million and $6.4 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes of $14.5 million and $19.1 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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3.750% Senior Notes
On September 27, 2019, BGC Partners issued an aggregate of $300.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes. The BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes are general unsecured obligations of BGC Partners. The BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.750% per year, payable in cash on April 1 and October 1 of each year, commencing April 1, 2020. The BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes will mature on October 1, 2024. BGC Partners may redeem some or all of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole” redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture governing the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes). If a “Change of Control Triggering Event” (as defined in the supplemental indenture governing the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes) occurs, holders may require BGC Partners to purchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the purchase date. The initial carrying value of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes was $296.1 million, net of discount and debt issuance costs of $3.9 million. The issuance costs are amortized as interest expense and the carrying value of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes will accrete up to the face amount over the term of the notes. The carrying value of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes was $299.2 million as of September 30, 2023. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes of $3.0 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes of $9.1 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
4.375% Senior Notes
On July 10, 2020, BGC Partners issued an aggregate of $300.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes. The BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes are general unsecured obligations of BGC Partners. The BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.375% per year, payable in cash on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing December 15, 2020. The BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes will mature on December 15, 2025. BGC Partners may redeem some or all of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole” redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture governing the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes). If a “Change of Control Triggering Event” (as defined in the supplemental indenture governing the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes) occurs, holders may require BGC Partners to purchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the purchase date. The initial carrying value of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes was $296.8 million, net of discount and debt issuance costs of $3.2 million. The issuance costs are amortized as interest expense and the carrying value of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes will accrete up to the face amount over the term of the notes. The carrying value of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes was $298.6 million as of September 30, 2023. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes of $3.5 million and $3.4 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes of $10.3 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
8.000% Senior Notes
On May 25, 2023, BGC Partners issued an aggregate of $350.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes. The BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes are general unsecured obligations of BGC Partners. The BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 8.000% per year, payable in cash on May 25 and November 25 of each year, commencing November 25, 2023. The BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes will mature on May 25, 2028. BGC Partners may redeem some or all of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole” redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture governing the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes). If a “Change of Control Triggering Event” (as defined in the supplemental indenture governing the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes) occurs, holders may require BGC Partners to purchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the purchase date. The initial carrying value of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes was $346.6 million, net of debt issuance costs of $3.4 million. The issuance costs are amortized as interest expense and the carrying value of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes will accrete up to the face amount over the term of the notes. The carrying value of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes was $346.8 million as of September 30, 2023. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes of $7.2 million for the three and $10.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
Collateralized Borrowings
On April 8, 2019, BGC Partners entered into a $15.0 million secured loan arrangement, under which it pledged certain fixed assets as security for a loan. This arrangement incurred interest at a fixed rate of 3.77% and matured on April 8, 2023, at
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which point the loan was repaid in full; therefore, there were no borrowings as of September 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, BGC Partners had $2.0 million outstanding related to this secured loan arrangement. The book value of the fixed assets pledged as of December 31, 2022 was nil. The interest expense related to this secured loan arrangement for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was nil. The interest expense related to this secured loan arrangement for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was nil and $0.1 million, respectively.
On April 19, 2019, BGC Partners entered into a $10.0 million secured loan arrangement, under which it pledged certain fixed assets as security for a loan. This arrangement incurred interest at a fixed rate of 3.89% and matured on April 19, 2023, at which point the loan was repaid in full; therefore, there were no borrowings as of September 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, BGC Partners had $1.3 million outstanding related to this secured loan arrangement. The book value of the fixed assets pledged as of December 31, 2022 was $0.3 million. The interest expense related to this secured loan arrangement for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was nil. The interest expense related to this secured loan arrangement for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was nil and $0.1 million, respectively.
Short-Term Borrowings
On August 22, 2017, BGC Partners entered into a committed unsecured loan agreement with Itau Unibanco S.A. The agreement provided for short-term loans of up to $4.0 million (BRL 20.0 million). Borrowings under this agreement bore interest at the Brazilian Interbank offering rate plus 3.20%. During June 2023, the borrowings under this agreement were repaid in full, and the loan was terminated; therefore, as of September 30, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under the agreement. As of December 31, 2022, there were $2.0 million (BRL 10.0 million) of borrowings outstanding under this agreement. BGC Partners recorded no interest expense related to the agreement for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. BGC Partners recorded interest expense related to the agreement of $0.2 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
On August 23, 2017, BGC Partners entered into a committed unsecured credit agreement with Itau Unibanco S.A. The agreement provided for an intra-day overdraft credit line up to 10.0 million (BRL 50.0 million). On August 20, 2021, the agreement was renegotiated, increasing the credit line to $12.0 million (BRL 60.0 million). On May 22, 2023 the agreement was renegotiated, increasing the credit line to $14.0 million (BRL 70.0 million.) The maturity date of the agreement is November 17, 2023. This agreement bears a fee of 1.35% per year. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no borrowings outstanding under this agreement. The bank fees related to the agreement for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was nil. BGC Partners recorded bank fees related to the agreement of $0.1 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
On January 25, 2021, BGC Partners entered into a committed unsecured loan agreement with Banco Daycoval S.A., which provided for short-term loans of up to $2.0 million (BRL 10.0 million) and was renegotiated on June 1, 2021. The amended agreement provided for short-term loans of up to $4.0 million (BRL 20.0 million). During September 2022, the borrowings under this agreement were repaid in full, and the loan was terminated on September 27, 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no borrowings outstanding under the agreement. Borrowings under this agreement bore interest at the Brazilian Interbank offering rate plus 3.66%. BGC Partners did not record any interest expense related to the agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. BGC Partners recorded interest expense of $0.1 million and $0.2 million related to the agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
18.    Compensation
The Compensation Committee may grant various equity-based awards, including RSUs, restricted stock, stock options, LPUs and shares of BGC Class A common stock. Upon vesting of RSUs, issuance of restricted stock, exercise of stock options and redemption/exchange of LPUs, the Company generally issues new shares of BGC Class A common stock.
On November 22, 2021, at the annual meeting of stockholders, the stockholders approved amendments to the BGC Partners Equity Plan to increase from 400.0 million to 500.0 million the aggregate number of shares of BGC Class A common stock that may be delivered or cash-settled pursuant to awards granted during the life of the Equity Plan.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, BGC Group assumed and adopted the BGC Partners Equity Plan, as amended and restated as the BGC Group Equity Plan. The BGC Group Equity Plan provides for a maximum of 600.0 million shares of BGC Class A common stock that may be delivered or cash settled pursuant to the exercise or settlement of awards granted under the plan. As of September 30, 2023, the limit on the aggregate number of shares authorized to be delivered allowed for the grant of future awards relating to 487.3 million shares.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion, on June 30, 2023, the Company issued 22.5 million RSUs for the redemption of 16.9 million non-exchangeable LPUs and 5.6 million non-exchangeable FPUs in BGC Holdings, and issued
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$49.2 million of RSU Tax Accounts for the redemption of 10.6 million non-exchangeable Preferred Units in BGC Holdings, based on their fixed cash value. As a result of the Corporate Conversion, on July 1, 2023, the Company issued 38.6 million restricted stock awards and 25.3 million RSUs for the redemption of 54.0 million non-exchangeable LPUs and 9.9 million non-exchangeable Preferred Units in BGC Holdings, and granted $74.0 million of RSU Tax Accounts for the redemption of 16.3 million non-exchangeable Preferred Units in BGC Holdings, based on their fixed cash value.
The Company incurred compensation expense related to Class A common stock, LPUs (prior to the Corporate Conversion) and RSUs held by BGC employees as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Issuance of common stock and grants of exchangeability$242 $32,469 $154,146 $83,064 
Allocations of net income and dividend equivalents¹1,137 3,492 4,154 11,916 
LPU amortization— 18,961 40,878 53,585 
RSU, RSU Tax Account, and restricted stock amortization67,889 2,808 78,107 13,174 
Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income
to limited partnership units and FPUs
$69,268 $57,730 $277,285 $161,739 
____________________________
1Prior to the Corporate Conversion, certain LPUs generally received quarterly allocations of net income, including the Preferred Distribution, and were generally contingent upon services being provided by the unit holders. Subsequent to the Corporate Conversion, this includes dividend equivalents on participating securities, the Preferred Return on certain RSU Tax Accounts, and quarterly allocations of net income, including the Preferred distribution to LPUs held by BGC employees in Newmark Holdings.
Limited Partnership Units
A summary of the activity associated with LPUs held by BGC employees is as follows (in thousands):
BGC
LPUs		Newmark
LPUs
Balance at December 31, 2022110,348 9,351 
Granted9,688 2 
Redeemed/exchanged units(119,803)(448)
Forfeited units(233)— 
Balance at September 30, 2023— 8,905 
The LPUs table above includes both regular and Preferred Units. Preferred Units are not entitled to participate in partnership distributions other than with respect to the Preferred Distribution (see Note 2—“Limited Partnership Interests in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings” for further information on Preferred Units). Subsequent to the Corporate Conversion, there are still BGC employees who hold limited partnership interests in Newmark Holdings. These limited partnership interests represent interests that were held prior to the Newmark IPO and were distributed in connection with the Separation. Following the Newmark IPO, employees of BGC and Newmark only received limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings, respectively. As a result of the Spin-Off, as the previous limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings held by Newmark employees and the existing limited partnership interests in Newmark Holdings held by BGC employees were/are exchanged/redeemed, the related capital was contributed to and from Cantor, respectively. The compensation expenses under GAAP related to the limited partnership interests are based on the company where the partner is employed. Therefore, compensation expenses related to the limited partnership interests of both BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings that are held by BGC employees are recognized by BGC. The BGC Holdings limited partnership interests held by Newmark employees were included in the BGC share count and the Newmark Holdings limited partnership interests held by BGC employees are included in the Newmark share count. There were no limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings remaining upon the completion of the Corporate Conversion, and therefore, there was no compensation expense related to limited partnership interest in BGC Holdings recognized by BGC for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

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A summary of the BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings LPUs held by BGC employees as of September 30, 2023, is as follows (in thousands):
BGC
LPUs		Newmark
LPUs
Regular Units— 6,831 
Preferred Units— 2,074 
Balance at September 30, 2023— 8,905 
Issuance of Common Stock and Grants of Exchangeability
Compensation expense related to the issuance of BGC or Newmark Class A common stock and grants of exchangeability on BGC Holdings (prior to the Corporate Conversion) and Newmark Holdings LPUs held by BGC employees is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Issuance of common stock and grants of exchangeability$242 $32,469 $154,146 $83,064 
Prior to the Corporate Conversion, BGC LPUs held by BGC employees had become exchangeable or were redeemed for BGC Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis.
Newmark LPUs held by BGC employees may become exchangeable or are redeemed for a number of shares of Newmark Class A common stock equal to the number of limited partnership interests multiplied by the current Exchange Ratio. As of September 30, 2023, the Exchange Ratio was 0.9243.
A summary of the LPUs redeemed in connection with the issuance of BGC Class A common stock or Newmark Class A common stock (at the then-current Exchange Ratio) or granted exchangeability for BGC Class A common stock or Newmark Class A common stock (at the then-current Exchange Ratio) held by BGC is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
BGC Holdings LPUs— 8,066 25,684 18,732 
Newmark Holdings LPUs53 142 230 489 
Total53 8,208 25,915 19,221 
As of September 30, 2023, there were no BGC Holdings LPUs remaining as a result of the Corporate Conversion. As of December 31, 2022, the number of share-equivalent BGC Holdings LPUs exchangeable for shares of BGC Class A common stock at the discretion of the unit holder held by BGC employees was 1.2 million. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the number of Newmark Holdings LPUs exchangeable into shares of Newmark Class A common stock at the discretion of the unit holder held by BGC employees (at the then-current Exchange Ratio) was 0.2 million.
LPU Amortization
Compensation expense related to the amortization of LPUs held by BGC employees is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Stated vesting schedule$— $18,843 $40,848 $53,421 
Post-termination payout— 118 30 164 
LPU amortization$— $18,961 $40,878 $53,585 
Prior to the Corporate Conversion, there were certain LPUs that had a stated vesting schedule and did not receive quarterly allocations of net income. These LPUs generally vested between two and five years from the date of grant. The fair value was determined on the date of grant based on the market value of an equivalent share of BGC or Newmark Class A common stock (adjusted if appropriate based upon the award’s eligibility to receive quarterly allocations of net income), and is recognized as compensation expense, net of the effect of estimated forfeitures, ratably over the vesting period.
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A summary of the outstanding LPUs held by BGC employees with a stated vesting schedule that do not receive quarterly allocations of net income is as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
BGC Holdings LPUs— 47,222 
Newmark Holdings LPUs— 98 
Aggregate estimated grant date fair value – BGC and Newmark Holdings LPUs$— $194,951 
Compensation expense related to LPUs held by BGC employees with a post-termination pay-out amount, such as REUs, and/or a stated vesting schedule was recognized over the stated service period. These LPUs generally vested between two and five years from the date of grant. As of September 30, 2023, there were no outstanding BGC Holdings LPUs with a post termination payout, and there were 0.1 million outstanding Newmark Holdings LPUs with a post-termination payout held by BGC employees, with a notional value of approximately $0.6 million and an aggregate estimated fair value of $0.2 million. As of December 31, 2022, there were 0.8 million outstanding BGC Holdings LPUs with a post-termination payout, with a notional value of approximately $8.6 million and an aggregate estimated fair value of $3.9 million, and 0.1 million outstanding Newmark Holdings LPUs with a post-termination payout held by BGC employees, with a notional value of approximately $0.7 million and an aggregate estimated fair value of $0.3 million.
Restricted Stock Units
Compensation expense related to RSUs held by BGC employees is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
RSU amortization
$36,568 $2,808 $46,786 $13,174 
A summary of the activity associated with RSUs held by BGC employees and directors is as follows (RSUs and dollars in thousands):
RSUsWeighted-
Average
Grant
Date Fair
Value		Fair Value
Amount		Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Balance at December 31, 202212,046 $4.11 $49,486 2.42
Granted60,881 4.04 243,885 
Delivered(10,422)4.13 (43,011)
Forfeited(275)4.15 (1,144)
Balance at September 30, 202362,230 $4.00 $249,216 6.37
The fair value of RSUs held by BGC employees and directors is determined on the date of grant based on the market value of BGC Class A common stock adjusted as appropriate based upon the award’s ineligibility to receive dividends. As of September 30, 2023, 28.0 million RSUs of the total outstanding were eligible to receive dividends. The compensation expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period, taking into effect estimated forfeitures or accelerations of vestings. The Company uses historical data, including historical forfeitures and turnover rates, to estimate expected forfeiture rates for both employee and director RSUs. Each RSU is settled in one share of Class A common stock upon completion of the vesting period and conditions.
For the RSUs that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company withheld shares of BGC Class A common stock valued at $2.7 million and $0.2 million to pay taxes due at the time of vesting. For the RSUs that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company withheld shares of BGC Class A common stock valued at $10.2 million and $6.4 million to pay taxes due at the time of vesting. As of September 30, 2023, there was approximately $150.4 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs held by BGC employees and directors that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 6.37 years.
In relation to the Corporate Conversion, the Company granted in total $123.1 million of RSU Tax Accounts. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, $10.6 million RSU Tax Accounts vested to pay taxes due at the time for certain related RSU vestings. As of September 30, 2023, there was approximately $111.7 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSU Tax Accounts held by BGC employees that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-
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average period of 8.51 years. The compensation expense related to the RSU Tax Accounts amortization held by BGC employees was $13.1 million for three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Acquisitions
In connection with certain of its acquisitions, the Company has granted certain LPUs (prior to the Corporate Conversion) and RSUs, and other deferred compensation awards. As of September 30, 2023, the aggregate estimated fair value of acquisition-related RSUs was $4.4 million, and as of December 31, 2022, the aggregate estimated fair value of acquisition-related LPUs and RSUs was $5.9 million. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate estimated fair value of the deferred compensation awards was nil and $23.9 million, respectively. The liability for such acquisition-related LPUs and RSUs is included in “Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities” on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Restricted Stock
BGC employees hold shares of BGC and Newmark restricted stock. Such restricted shares are generally salable by partners in five to ten years. Transferability of the restricted shares of stock issued prior to the Corporate Conversion, are not subject to continued employment or service with the Company or any affiliate or subsidiary of the Company; however, transferability is subject to compliance with BGC and its affiliates’ customary noncompete obligations.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, zero and 0.2 million, respectively, BGC or Newmark restricted shares held by BGC employees were forfeited in connection with this provision. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 43 thousand and 47 thousand, respectively, BGC or Newmark restricted shares held by BGC employees were forfeited in connection with this provision. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company released the restrictions with respect to nil and 0.1 million of such BGC shares held by BGC employees, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company released the restrictions with respect to 2.3 million and 0.2 million of such BGC shares held by BGC employees, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 0.1 million and 2.3 million of such restricted BGC shares held by BGC employees outstanding, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Newmark did not release restrictions on any restricted Newmark shares held by BGC employees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Newmark released the restrictions with respect to 1.1 million and 0.1 million, respectively, of restricted Newmark shares held by BGC employees. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were nil and 1.1 million, respectively, of restricted Newmark shares held by BGC employees outstanding.
In addition, as a result of the Corporation Conversion, on July 1, 2023, the Company granted 38.6 million restricted stock awards, which are subject to continued employment or service with the Company or any affiliate or subsidiary of the Company.
The fair value of these restricted stock awards held by BGC employees is determined on the date of grant based on the market value of BGC Class A common stock adjusted as appropriate based upon the award’s ineligibility to receive dividends. As of September 30, 2023, 5.8 million of the total 32.4 million restricted stock awards outstanding (see table below), were eligible to receive dividends. The compensation expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period, taking into effect estimated forfeitures or accelerations of vestings. The Company uses historical data, including historical forfeitures and turnover rates, to estimate expected forfeiture rates for employee restricted stock awards. Each restricted stock award is settled in one share of Class A common stock upon completion of the vesting period and conditions. The compensation expense related to the restricted stock amortization on these awards held by BGC employees was $17.4 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
For the restricted stock awards that vested during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company withheld no shares of BGC Class A common stock to pay taxes due at the time of vesting. As of September 30, 2023, there was approximately $52.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock awards held by BGC employees that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.29 years.

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A summary of the activity associated with these restricted stock awards held by BGC employees is as follows (restricted stock and dollars in thousands):
Restricted Stock
Weighted-
Average
Grant
Date Fair
Value		Fair Value
Amount		Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Balance at December 31, 2022— $— $— — 
Granted38,610 4.37 168,716 
Delivered(6,241)5.22 (32,566)
Forfeited— — — 
Balance at September 30, 202332,369 $4.21 $136,150 2.29
19.    Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, various legal actions are brought and are pending against the Company and its subsidiaries in the U.S. and internationally. In some of these actions, substantial amounts are claimed. The Company is also involved, from time to time, in reviews, examinations, investigations and proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory agencies (both formal and informal) regarding the Company’s businesses, operations, reporting or other matters, which may result in regulatory, civil and criminal judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions, enhanced oversight, remediation, or other relief. The following generally does not include matters that the Company has pending against other parties which, if successful, would result in awards in favor of the Company or its subsidiaries.
Employment, Competitor-Related and Other Litigation
From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are involved in litigation, claims and arbitrations in the U.S. and internationally, relating to, inter alia, various employment matters, including with respect to termination of employment, hiring of employees currently or previously employed by competitors, terms and conditions of employment and other matters. In light of the competitive nature of the brokerage industry, litigation, claims and arbitration between competitors regarding employee hiring are not uncommon. The Company is also involved, from time to time, in other reviews, investigations and proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory agencies (both formal and informal) regarding the Company’s businesses. Any such actions may result in regulatory, civil or criminal judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions, enhanced oversight, remediation, or other relief.
Legal reserves are established in accordance with U.S. GAAP guidance on Accounting for Contingencies, when a material legal liability is both probable and reasonably estimable. Once established, reserves are adjusted when there is more information available or when an event occurs requiring a change. The outcome of such items cannot be determined with certainty. The Company is unable to estimate a possible loss or range of loss in connection with specific matters beyond its current accruals and any other amounts disclosed. Management believes that, based on currently available information, the final outcome of these current pending matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Letter of Credit Agreements
The Company has irrevocable uncollateralized letters of credit with various banks, where the beneficiaries are clearing organizations through which it transacts, that are used in lieu of margin and deposits with those clearing organizations. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 the Company was contingently liable for $1.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively, under these letters of credit.
Risk and Uncertainties
The Company generates revenues by providing financial intermediary and brokerage activities to institutional customers and by executing and, in some cases, clearing transactions for institutional counterparties. Revenues for these services are transaction-based. As a result, revenues could vary based on the transaction volume of global financial markets. Additionally, financing is sensitive to interest rate fluctuations, which could have an impact on the Company’s overall profitability.
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Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution which, at times, may exceed the FDIC maximum coverage limit of $250,000. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not incur losses on any FDIC insured cash accounts.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $2.0 million, nil, $6.0 million, and $10.8 million, respectively, in CECL reserves (see Note 25—“Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL)” for additional information) due to uncertainty associated with settlement of trades outstanding at the time of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, which is included in “Other expenses” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Insurance
The Company is self-insured for health care claims, up to a stop-loss amount for eligible participating employees and qualified dependents in the U.S., subject to deductibles and limitations. The Company’s liability for claims incurred but not reported is determined based on an estimate of the ultimate aggregate liability for claims incurred. The estimate is calculated from actual claim rates and adjusted periodically as necessary. The Company has accrued $4.3 million and $2.4 million in health care claims as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company does not expect health care claims to have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Guarantees
The Company provides guarantees to securities clearinghouses and exchanges which meet the definition of a guarantee under FASB interpretations. Under these standard securities clearinghouse and exchange membership agreements, members are required to guarantee, collectively, the performance of other members and, accordingly, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearinghouse or exchange, all other members would be required to meet the shortfall. In the opinion of management, the Company’s liability under these agreements is not quantifiable and could exceed the cash and securities it has posted as collateral. However, the potential of being required to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no contingent liability has been recorded in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for these agreements.
20.    Income Taxes
The Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on the Company’s allocable share of the U.S. results of operations, as well as taxes payable to jurisdictions outside the U.S. In addition, certain of the Company’s entities are taxed as U.S. partnerships and are subject to the UBT in New York City. Therefore, the tax liability or benefit related to the partnership income or loss, except for UBT, rests with the partners (see Note 2—“Limited Partnership Interests in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings” for discussion of partnership interests), rather than the partnership entity.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred tax assets if it is deemed more likely than not that those assets will not be realized.
Pursuant to U.S. GAAP guidance, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, the Company provides for uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding related interest and penalties were $6.7 million and $7.6 million, respectively, of which the entire amount, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. The Company is currently open to examination by tax authorities in U.S. federal, state and local jurisdictions, and certain non-U.S. jurisdictions for tax years 2012 through 2019. The Company is currently under examination by tax authorities in the U.S. federal and certain state, local and foreign jurisdictions. The Company does not believe that the amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next 12 months.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in “Provision (benefit) for income taxes” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of September 30, 2023 and
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December 31, 2022, the Company had accrued $3.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively, for income tax-related interest and penalties.
21.    Regulatory Requirements
Many of the Company’s businesses are subject to regulatory restrictions and minimum capital requirements. These regulatory restrictions and capital requirements may restrict the Company’s ability to withdraw capital from its subsidiaries.
Certain U.S. subsidiaries of the Company are registered as U.S. broker-dealers or FCMs subject to Rule 15c3-1 of the SEC and Rule 1.17 of the CFTC, which specify uniform minimum net capital requirements, as defined, for their registrants, and also require a significant part of the registrants’ assets be kept in relatively liquid form. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries had net capital in excess of their minimum capital requirements.
Certain U.K. and European subsidiaries of the Company are regulated by their national regulator, which include the FCA and L’Autorité des Marchés Financiers and must maintain financial resources (as defined by their national regulator) in excess of the total financial requirement (as defined by their national regulator). As of September 30, 2023, the U.K. and European subsidiaries had financial resources in excess of their requirements.
Certain other subsidiaries of the Company are subject to regulatory and other requirements of the jurisdictions in which they operate.
Certain BGC subsidiaries also operate as a DCM and DCO which are required to maintain financial resources to cover operating costs for at least one year, keeping at least enough cash or highly liquid securities to cover six months’ operating costs. In addition, BGC subsidiaries operate as SEFs which are required to maintain financial resources to cover operating costs for at least one year, keeping at least enough cash or highly liquid securities to cover the greater of three months of projected operating costs, or the projected costs needed to wind down the swap execution facility’s operations.
The regulatory requirements referred to above may restrict the Company’s ability to withdraw capital from its regulated subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s regulated subsidiaries held $703.1 million of net capital. These subsidiaries had aggregate regulatory net capital, as defined, in excess of the aggregate regulatory requirements, as defined, of $372.5 million.
22.    Segment, Geographic and Product Information
Segment Information
The Company currently operates in one reportable segment, brokerage services. The Company provides or has provided brokerage services to the financial markets, through integrated Voice, Hybrid and Fully Electronic brokerage in a broad range of products, including fixed income (Rates and Credit), FX, Equities, Energy and Commodities, and Futures and Options. BGC also provides a wide range of services, including trade execution, brokerage, clearing, trade compression, post-trade, information, consulting, and other back-office services to a broad range of financial and non-financial institutions.
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Geographic Information
The Company offers products and services in the U.K., U.S., Asia (including Australia), Other Europe, MEA, France, and Other Americas. Information regarding revenues is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Revenues:
U.K.$172,309 $149,281 $537,827 $488,739 
U.S.152,918 126,917 484,642 407,696 
Asia69,635 65,761 208,735 207,046 
Other Europe/MEA47,893 36,695 147,052 130,643 
France20,809 20,218 73,354 73,825 
Other Americas19,130 17,695 57,031 50,838 
Total revenues$482,694 $416,567 $1,508,641 $1,358,787 
Information regarding long-lived assets (defined as loans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, net; fixed assets, net; ROU assets; certain other investments; goodwill; other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization; and rent and other deposits) in the geographic areas is as follows (in thousands):
September 30,
2023		December 31, 2022
Long-lived assets:
U.S.$808,081 $787,321 
U.K.380,881 401,823 
Asia89,681 76,870 
Other Europe/MEA57,606 46,413 
France
21,725 13,019 
Other Americas
18,575 17,736 
Total long-lived assets$1,376,549 $1,343,182 
Product Information
The Company’s business is based on the products and services provided and reflects the manner in which financial information is evaluated by management.
The Company specializes in the brokerage of a broad range of products, including fixed income (Rates and Credit), FX, Equities, Energy and Commodities, and Futures and Options. It also provides a wide range of services, including trade execution, broker-dealer services, clearing, trade compression, post-trade, information, consulting, and other back-office services to a broad range of financial and non-financial institutions.
Product information regarding revenues is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Revenues:
Rates$145,703 $129,971 $454,649 $425,909 
Energy and Commodities93,120 68,975 281,467 218,057 
FX79,795 73,481 237,480 227,853 
Credit63,747 58,187 219,102 203,352 
Equities52,665 48,384 178,152 173,803 
Total brokerage revenues$435,030 $378,998 $1,370,850 $1,248,974 
All other revenues47,664 37,569 137,791 109,813 
Total revenues$482,694 $416,567 $1,508,641 $1,358,787 
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23.    Revenues from Contracts with Customers
The following table presents the Company’s total revenues separated between revenues from contracts with customers and other sources of revenues (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Commissions$350,305 $299,430 $1,076,313 $965,636 
Data, network and post-trade27,797 23,808 81,919 71,326 
Fees from related parties3,723 3,896 11,742 10,838 
Other revenues3,838 4,299 11,148 10,101 
Total revenues from contracts with customers385,663 331,433 1,181,122 1,057,901 
Other sources of revenues:
Principal transactions84,725 79,568 294,537 283,338 
Interest and dividend income10,150 4,110 28,836 15,506 
Other revenues2,156 1,456 4,146 2,042 
Total revenues$482,694 $416,567 $1,508,641 $1,358,787 
See Note 3— “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for detailed information on the recognition of the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers.
Disaggregation of Revenue
See Note 22—“Segment, Geographic and Product Information,” for a further discussion on the allocation of revenues to geographic regions.
Contract Balances
The timing of the Company’s revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by its customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and the Company has an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, the Company records deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company had receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers of $328.6 million and $288.5 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company had no impairments related to these receivables during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
The Company’s deferred revenue primarily relates to customers paying in advance or billed in advance where the performance obligation has not yet been satisfied. Deferred revenue at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $14.7 million and $12.5 million, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $9.3 million and $7.8 million, respectively, that was recorded as deferred revenue at the beginning of the period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $10.5 million and $8.7 million, respectively, that was recorded as deferred revenue at the beginning of the period.
Contract Costs
The Company capitalizes costs to fulfill contracts associated with different lines of its business where the revenue is recognized at a point in time and the costs are determined to be recoverable. Capitalized costs to fulfill a contract are recognized at the point in time that the related revenue is recognized.
The Company did not have any capitalized costs to fulfill a contract as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
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24.    Leases
The Company, acting as a lessee, has operating leases and finance leases primarily relating to office space, data centers and office equipment. The leases have remaining lease terms of 0.2 years to 15.9 years, some of which include options to extend the leases in 0.5 to 10 year increments for up to 15 years. Renewal periods are included in the lease term only when renewal is reasonably certain, which is a high threshold and requires management to apply judgment to determine the appropriate lease term. Certain leases also include periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise the termination option. The Company measures its lease payments by including fixed rental payments and, where relevant, variable rental payments tied to an index, such as the Consumer Price Index. Payments for leases in place before the date of adoption of ASC 842, Leases were determined based on previous leases guidance. The Company recognizes lease expense for its operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and variable lease expense not included in the lease payment measurement is recognized as incurred. Interest expense on finance leases is recognized using the effective interest method over the lease term.
Pursuant to the accounting policy election, leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recognized on the balance sheet. The short-term lease expense over the period reasonably reflects the Company’s short-term lease commitments.
ASC 842, Leases requires the Company to make certain assumptions and judgments in applying the guidance, including determining whether an arrangement includes a lease, determining the term of a lease when the contract has renewal or cancelation provisions, and determining the discount rate.
The Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease or includes a lease at the contract inception by evaluating whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. If the Company has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from, and can direct the use of, the identified asset for a period of time, the Company accounts for the identified asset as a lease. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all leases other than real estate leases. The primary non-lease component that is combined with a lease component represents operating expenses, such as utilities, maintenance or management fees.
As the rate implicit in the lease is not usually available, the Company used an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the adoption date of the new Leases standard in determining the present value of lease payments for existing leases. The Company has elected to use a portfolio approach for the incremental borrowing rate, applying corporate bond rates to the leases. The Company calculated the appropriate rates with reference to the lease term and lease currency. The Company uses information available at the lease commencement date to determine the discount rate for any new leases.
As of September 30, 2023, the Company did not have any leases that have not yet commenced but that create significant rights and obligations.
Supplemental information related to the Company’s operating and financing leases are as follows (in thousands):
Classification in
Unaudited Condensed
Consolidated Statements
of Financial Condition		September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Assets
Operating lease ROU assetsOther assets$131,554 $129,786 
Finance lease ROU assetsFixed assets, net$4,648 $5,685 
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilitiesAccounts payable,
accrued and other
liabilities		$157,029 $156,105 
Finance lease liabilitiesAccounts payable,
accrued and other
liabilities		$5,048 $6,039 

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 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases (years)7.37.7
Finance leases (years)3.64.1
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases4.9 %4.5 %
Finance leases4.3 %4.3 %
The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands):
Classification in
Unaudited Condensed
Consolidated Statements
of Operations		Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Operating lease cost1
Occupancy and
equipment		$9,348 $10,634 $26,194 $27,094 
Finance lease cost
Amortization on ROU assetsOccupancy and equipment$326 $181 $979 $485 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense$53 $27 $169 $70 
__________________________
1Short-term lease expense was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
The following table shows the Company’s maturity analysis of its operating lease liabilities (in thousands):
September 30, 2023
Operating leasesFinance leases
2023 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2023)$9,058 $641 
202433,187 1,448 
202528,356 1,448 
202622,291 1,290 
202720,271 627 
Thereafter90,925 — 
Total$204,088 $5,454 
Interest(47,059)(406)
Total$157,029 $5,048 
The following table shows cash flow information related to lease liabilities (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities2023202220232022
Operating cash flows from operating lease liabilities$9,683 $10,766 $27,772 $28,330 
Operating cash flows from finance lease liabilities$53 $27 $169 $70 
Financing cash flows from finance lease liabilities$309 $170 $916 $455 

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25.    Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL)
The CECL reserve reflects management’s current estimate of potential credit losses related to the receivable balances included in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. See Note 3—“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion of the CECL reserve methodology.
As required, any subsequent changes to the CECL reserve are recognized in “Net income (loss) available to common stockholders” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded changes in the CECL reserve as follows (in millions):
Accrued commissions and other receivables, netLoans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, netReceivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealersTotal
Beginning balance, July 1, 2023$5.1 $2.4 $11.0 $18.5 
Current-period provision for expected credit losses(0.2)(0.2)2.0 1.6 
Ending balance, September 30, 2023$4.9 $2.2 $13.0 $20.1 
Accrued commissions and other receivables, netLoans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, netReceivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealersTotal
Beginning balance, January 1, 2023$5.4 $2.5 $7.0 $14.9 
Current-period provision for expected credit losses$(0.5)$(0.3)$6.0 $5.2 
Ending balance, September 30, 2023$4.9 $2.2 $13.0 $20.1 
Accrued commissions and other receivables, netLoans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, netReceivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealersTotal
Beginning balance, July 1, 2022$4.8 $3.3 $6.9 $15.0 
Current-period provision for expected credit losses(0.2)(0.1)0.1 (0.2)
Ending balance, September 30, 2022$4.6 $3.2 $7.0 $14.8 
Accrued commissions and other receivables, netLoans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, netReceivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealersTotal
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022$0.7 $1.7 $— $2.4 
Current-period provision for expected credit losses$3.9 $1.5 $7.0 $12.4 
Ending balance, September 30, 2022$4.6 $3.2 $7.0 $14.8 
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, there was a decrease of $0.2 million and $0.5 million in the CECL reserve against “Accrued commissions and other receivables, net” due to the updated macroeconomic assumptions resulting from an increase in the GDP growth rate, which included a $3.9 million reserve, respectively, related to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, bringing the CECL reserve pertaining to “Accrued commissions and other receivables, net” to $4.9 million as of September 30, 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there was a decrease of $0.2 million and an increase of $3.9 million, respectively, in the CECL reserve against “Accrued commissions and other receivables, net,” which included a $3.8 million reserve related to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there was a decrease of $0.2 million and $0.3 million in the CECL reserve record pertaining to “Loans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, net” as a result of employee collections, bringing the CECL reserve recorded pertaining to “Loans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, net” to $2.2 million as of September 30, 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there was a decrease of $0.1 million and an increase of $1.5 million, respectively, in the CECL reserve recorded
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pertaining to “Loans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, net” as a result of employee loan collections and employee terminations.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there was an increase of $2.0 million and $6.0 million, respectively, in the CECL reserve against “Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers” which reflected the downward credit rating migration of certain unsettled trades related to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, bringing the CECL reserve recorded pertaining to “Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers” to $13.0 million as of September 30, 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there was an increase of $0.1 million and $7.0 million, respectively, in the CECL reserve recorded pertaining to “Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers” which reflected the downward credit rating migration of certain unsettled trades related to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine.
26.    Subsequent Events
Third Quarter 2023 Dividend
On October 27, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.01 per share for the third quarter of 2023, payable on December 1, 2023 to BGC Class A and Class B common stockholders of record as of November 17, 2023.
Exchange Offer
On October 6, 2023, BGC Group completed its previously announced offers to exchange the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes due 2024, the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes due 2025 and the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes due 2028, for new notes to be issued by BGC Group with the same respective interest rates and maturity dates and substantially similar terms, and cash.
BGC Group issued $255.5 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes due 2024, $288.2 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes due 2025, and $347.2 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes due 2028 in exchange for validly tendered BGC Partners Notes, and BGC Partners cancelled an equivalent amount of the respective series of BGC Partners Notes. Also on October 6, 2023, in connection with the closing of the Exchange Offer, the provisions of a supplemental indenture to the indenture governing the BGC Partners Notes became effective, stripping certain covenants from the BGC Partners Notes, including the “Change of Control” provisions described above.
Following completion of the Exchange Offer, $44.5 million aggregate principal amount of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes, $11.8 million aggregate principal amount of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes, and $2.8 million aggregate principal amount of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes remained outstanding.
On October 6, 2023, in connection with the closing of the Exchange Offer, the Revolving Credit Agreement was amended to exclude the BGC Partners Notes from the restrictive covenant in the Revolving Credit Agreement limiting the indebtedness of subsidiaries, and BGC Group assumed all rights and obligations of BGC Partners under the Revolving Credit Agreement and became the borrower thereunder. Also on October 6, 2023 and in connection with the closing of the Exchange Offer, BGC Group assumed all rights and obligations of BGC Partners under the BGC Credit Agreement.
Filing of Form S-3
On October 19, 2023, the Company filed an automatically effective resale registration statement on Form S-3 pursuant to which CF&Co may make offers and sales of BGC Group’s 3.750% Senior Notes due 2024, BGC Group’s 4.375% Senior Notes due 2025 and BGC Group’s 8.000% Senior Notes due 2028 in connection with ongoing market-making transactions which may occur from time to time. Such market-making transactions in these securities may occur in the open market or may be privately negotiated at prevailing market prices at a time of resale or at related or negotiated prices. Neither CF&Co, nor any other of our affiliates, has any obligation to make a market in our securities, and CF&Co or any such other affiliate may discontinue market-making activities at any time without notice.
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ITEM 2.     MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes to those statements, as well as the cautionary statements relating to forward-looking statements included in this report.
The objective of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis is to allow investors to view the Company from management’s perspective, considering items that have had and could have a material impact on future operations. This discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting our results of operations and financial condition as of and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. This discussion is provided to increase the understanding of, and should be read in conjunction with, our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.
OVERVIEW AND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
We are a leading global brokerage and financial technology company servicing the global financial markets.
BGC, through its affiliates, specializes in the brokerage of a broad range of products fixed income such as government bonds, corporate bonds, and other debt instruments, as well as related interest rate derivatives and credit derivatives. Additionally, we provide brokerage services across FX, Equities, Energy and Commodities, Shipping, and Futures and Options. Our businesses also provide a wide variety of services, including trade execution, connectivity and network solutions, brokerage services, clearing, trade compression, and other post-trade services, and market data and related information services and other back-office services to a broad assortment of financial and non-financial institutions.
Our integrated platform is designed to provide flexibility to customers with regard to price discovery, execution and processing, creating marketplaces and enabling them to use the Company’s Voice, Hybrid, or, in many markets, Fully Electronic brokerage services in connection with transactions executed either OTC or through an exchange. Through our Fenics® group of electronic brands, we offer a number of market infrastructure and connectivity services, including the Company’s Fully Electronic marketplaces, market data and related information services, network, trade compression and other post-trade services, analytics related to financial instruments and markets, and other financial technology solutions. Fenics® brands also operate under the names Fenics®, FMX™, FMX Futures Exchange™, Fenics Markets Xchange™, Fenics Digital™, Fenics UST™, Fenics FX™, Fenics Repo™, Fenics Direct™, Fenics MID™, Fenics Market Data™, Fenics GO™, Fenics PortfolioMatch™, BGC®, BGC Trader™, kACE2®, and Lucera®.
BGC, BGC Group, BGC Partners, BGC Trader, GFI, GFI Ginga, CreditMatch, Fenics, Fenics.com, FMX, Sunrise Brokers, Poten & Partners, RP Martin, kACE2, Capitalab, Swaptioniser, CBID, Caventor, LumeMarkets and Lucera are trademarks/service marks, and/or registered trademarks/service marks of BGC Group and/or its affiliates.
The Company promotes the efficiency of the global capital markets, acting as market infrastructure to the world’s largest banks, broker-dealers, investment banks, trading firms, hedge funds, governments, corporations, and investment firms. BGC has an extensive number of offices globally in major markets including New York and London, as well as in Bahrain, Beijing, Bogotá, Brisbane, Cape Town, Chicago, Copenhagen, Dubai, Dublin, Frankfurt, Geneva, Hong Kong, Houston, Johannesburg, Madrid, Manila, Melbourne, Mexico City, Miami, Milan, Monaco, Nyon, Paris, Perth, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney, Tel Aviv, Tokyo, Toronto, Wellington, and Zurich.
As of September 30, 2023, we had 2,033 brokers, salespeople, managers, technology professionals and other front-office personnel across our businesses.
Corporate Conversion
On July 1, 2023, the Company completed its Corporate Conversion to a Full C-Corporation in order to reorganize and simplify its organizational structure. As a result of the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group became the public holding company for, and successor to, BGC Partners, and its Class A common stock began trading on Nasdaq, in place of BGC Partners’ Class A common stock, under the ticker symbol “BGC.” Upon completion of the Corporate Conversion, the former stockholders of BGC Partners, Inc. and the former limited partners of BGC Holdings, L.P. now participate in the economics of the BGC businesses through BGC Group, Inc.
Effective as of 12:01 a.m., Eastern Time, on July 1, 2023, BGC Holdings reorganized from a Delaware limited partnership into a Delaware limited liability company through a merger with and into Holdings Merger Sub, with Holdings Merger Sub continuing as a direct subsidiary of BGC Partners. Effective as of 12:02 a.m., Eastern Time, on July 1, 2023, Merger Sub 1 merged with and into BGC Partners, with BGC Partners continuing as a direct subsidiary of BGC Group. At the same time, Merger Sub 2 merged with and into Holdings Merger Sub, with Holdings Merger Sub continuing as a subsidiary of
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BGC Group. As a result of the Corporate Conversion Mergers, BGC Partners and BGC Holdings became wholly owned subsidiaries of BGC Group.
In the Holdings Reorganization Merger, each unit of BGC Holdings outstanding as of immediately prior to the Holdings Reorganization Merger was converted into a substantially equivalent equity interest in Holdings Merger Sub.
In the Corporate Merger, each share of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Partners and each share of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Partners outstanding was converted into one share of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Group and one share of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Group, respectively.
In connection with, but prior to the Corporate Conversion, the Company completed various transactions which included:
•the redemption of certain non-exchangeable limited partnership units in connection with the issuance of shares of BGC Partners Class A common stock and the accompanying tax payments, which led to an equity-based compensation charge of $60.9 million;
•the exchange of the remaining 1.5 million exchangeable limited partnership units of BGC Holdings held by employees on June 30, 2023, for 1.0 million shares, after tax withholding, of BGC Partners Class A common stock;
•the redemption of certain non-exchangeable limited partnership units of BGC Holdings held by employees and issuance of 16.9 million BGC Partners RSUs on a one-for-one basis on June 30, 2023;
•the redemption of certain non-exchangeable Preferred Units of BGC Holdings held by employees and issuance of $49.2 million of BGC Partners RSU Tax Accounts on June 30, 2023, based on the fixed cash value of the Preferred Units redeemed;
•the redemption of the remaining 5.6 million non-exchangeable FPUs and issuances of BGC Partners RSUs on a one-for-one basis on June 30, 2023, which in turn reduced the “Redeemable Partnership Interest” to zero with an offsetting impact to “Total equity” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of June 30, 2023; and
•the purchase on June 30, 2023 by Cantor from BGC Holdings of an aggregate of 5,425,209 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $9,715,772 as a result of the redemption of 5,425,209 FPUs, and 324,223 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $598,712 as a result of the exchange of 324,223 FPUs.
As a result of the Corporate Conversion:
•64.0 million Cantor units, including 5.7 million purchased on June 30, 2023, were converted into shares of BGC Group Class B common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the Corporate Conversion Agreement, provided that a portion of the 64.0 million shares of BGC Group Class B common stock issued to Cantor will exchange into BGC Group Class A common stock in the event that BGC Group does not issue at least $75,000,000 in shares of BGC Group Class A or B common stock in connection with certain acquisition transactions prior to the seventh anniversary of the Corporate Conversion;
•BGC Group assumed all BGC Partners RSUs, RSU Tax Accounts or restricted stock awards outstanding as of June 30, 2023; and
•non-exchangeable limited partnership units of BGC Holdings were converted into equity awards denominated in cash, restricted stock and/or RSUs of BGC Group, each as further set forth in the Corporate Conversion Agreement. BGC Group granted 38.6 million restricted stock awards, 25.3 million RSUs, and $74.0 million of RSU Tax Accounts upon the conversion of the non-exchangeable shares of Holdings Merger Sub.
There were no limited partnership units of BGC Holdings remaining after the Corporate Conversion was completed.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, the BGC Group Board and the Board of Directors of BGC Partners authorized the assumption of all agreements and arrangements between BGC Partners and any executive officer, director or affiliate of BGC Partners, with such modifications to reflect the Corporate Conversion. Pursuant to the foregoing authorization, any existing agreements and arrangements between BGC Partners and any executive officer, director or affiliate of BGC Partners, were generally assumed unchanged, other than making BGC Group a party thereto.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, the Board and Audit Committee of BGC Group approved the authorized repurchases of Company Equity Securities from any holder of Company Equity Securities, including our directors, officers, and employees, of up to $400.0 million.
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In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, the Board and Audit Committee of BGC Group approved the authorized repurchases of Company Debt Securities from any holder of Company Debt Securities, including our directors, officers, and employees, of up to $50.0 million.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, BGC Group assumed and adopted: the Eighth Amended and Restated BGC Partners, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as the BGC Group, Inc. Long Term Incentive Plan; the BGC Partners Second Amended and Restated BGC Partners Incentive Bonus Compensation Plan, as amended and restated, and renamed the BGC Group, Inc. Incentive Bonus Compensation Plan; and the BGC Partners, Inc. Deferral Plan for Employees of BGC Partners, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P. and their Affiliates, as amended and restated as the BGC Group, Inc. Deferral Plan for Employees of BGC Group, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P. and Their Affiliates. The BGC Group Equity Plan provides for a maximum of 600 million shares of BGC Class A common stock that may be delivered or cash settled pursuant to the exercise or settlement of awards granted under the plan.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, the BGC Holdings limited partnership agreement was terminated, and the BGC Holdings, L.P. Participation Plan was terminated.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, BGC Group amended and restated its certificate of incorporation to reflect an increase in the authorized shares of BGC Group Class A common stock to 1,500,000,000; an increase in the authorized shares of BGC Group Class B common stock to 300,000,000; and a provision providing for exculpation to officers of BGC Group pursuant to Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Additionally, BGC Group amended and restated its bylaws to adopt a provision providing that Delaware courts shall be the exclusive forum for certain matters.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, the Exchange Agreement with Cantor terminated based on its own terms.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, BGC Group, Cantor and certain affiliates of Cantor entered into an Amended and Restated U.S. Master Administrative Services Agreement and an Amended and Restated U.K. Master Administrative Services Agreement.
FMX
FMX, our electronic U.S. Treasury, Rates Futures and Spot FX platform represents the unique opportunity to reshape the U.S. interest rate cash and futures market. FMX continues to make significant progress and expects to provide additional updates and details during the fourth quarter. FMX’s U.S. Treasury platform, Fenics UST, reached a record 25% market share of the volume traded on U.S. Treasury exchange marketplaces during the quarter.
The FMX partnership brings together LCH, the largest holder of interest rate swaps collateral, strategic investors, representing the largest users of U.S. interest rate products, and Fenics’ industry-leading technology and distribution.
Fenics
For the purposes of this document and subsequent SEC filings, all of our higher margin, technology-driven businesses are referred to as Fenics. We categorize our Fenics businesses as Fenics Markets and Fenics Growth Platforms. Fenics Markets includes the fully electronic portion of BGC’s brokerage businesses, data, network and post-trade revenues that are unrelated to Fenics Growth Platforms, as well as Fenics Integrated revenues. Fenics Growth Platforms includes Fenics UST, Fenics GO, Lucera, Fenics FX, Portfolio Match and other newer standalone platforms. Revenue generated from data, network and post-trade attributable to Fenics Growth Platforms are included within their related businesses.
Historically, technology-based product growth has led to higher margins and greater profits over time for exchanges and wholesale financial intermediaries alike, even if overall Company revenues remain consistent. This is largely because automated and electronic trading efficiency allows the same number of employees to manage a greater volume of trades as the marginal cost of incremental trading activity falls. Over time, the conversion of exchange-traded and OTC markets to fully electronic trading has also typically led to an increase in volumes which offset lower commissions, and often lead to similar or higher overall revenues. We have been a pioneer in creating and encouraging hybrid and fully electronic execution, and we continually work with our customers to expand such trading across more asset classes and geographies.
These electronic markets for OTC products have grown as a percentage of overall industry volumes over the past decade as firms like BGC have invested in the kinds of technology favored by our customers. Regulation across banking, capital markets, and OTC derivatives has accelerated the adoption of fully electronic execution, and we expect this demand to continue. We also believe that new clients, beyond our large bank customer base, will primarily transact electronically across our Fenics platforms.
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The combination of wider adoption of hybrid and fully electronic execution and our competitive advantage in terms of technology and experience has contributed to our strong growth in electronically traded products. We continue to invest in our high-growth, high-margin, technology-driven businesses, including our standalone fully electronic Fenics Growth Platforms. Fenics has exhibited strong growth over the past several years, and we believe that this growth has outpaced the wholesale brokerage industry. We expect this trend to accelerate as we continue to convert more of our Voice/Hybrid execution into higher-margin, technology-driven execution across our Fenics platforms and continue to grow our Fenics Growth Platforms.
We expect to benefit from the trend towards electronic trading, increased demand for market data, and the need for increased connectivity, automation, and post-trade services. We continue to onboard new customers as the opportunities created by electronic and algorithmic trading continue to transform our industry. We continue to roll out our next-gen Fenics execution platforms across more products and geographies with the goal of seamlessly integrating the liquidity of voice transactions with customer electronic orders either by a GUI, API, or web-based interface.
Revenues in our Fenics businesses increased 18.7%, to $125.4 million and 14.8%, to $390.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to the prior year periods.
Within our Fenics businesses, Fenics Markets revenue grew 15.4% to $107.0 million in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the prior year period.
Fenics Growth Platforms revenue grew 45.4% to a record $18.4 million in the third quarter of 2023. Collectively, our newer Fenics Growth Platform offerings, are not yet fully up to scale, but continue to grow at a leading rate. Over time, we expect these new products and services to become profitable, high-margin businesses as their scale and revenues increase, all else equal.
We continue to invest in our Fenics Growth Platforms, and notable highlights for the third quarter of 2023 include:
•Fenics UST revenue increased by over 55% and captured significant market share during the quarter. Fenics UST’s CLOB market share during the third quarter grew to 25%, up from 23% in the second quarter of 2023, and 18% in the third quarter of 2022. Fenics UST is the second largest and fastest growing Treasury marketplace globally.
•Portfolio Match, our fully electronic credit platform, grew its U.S. credit volumes over nine-fold from the third quarter of 2022. Portfolio Match continues to outperform the industry and capture market share across credit markets.
•Fenics GO, our fully electronic equity options platform, saw revenue growth of 65% in the third quarter, primarily driven by strong growth across Delta One products and Euro Stoxx 50 index options.
Total revenues from our high-margin Data, network and post-trade business, which is predominately comprised of recurring revenue, increased 16.8%, to $27.8 million and increased 14.9%, to $81.9 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, over the prior year period.
Data, network and post-trade revenue growth for the third quarter of 2023 was led by strong double-digit improvement across Lucera, our network and infrastructure business, and Capitalab, our post-trade business. Fenics Market Data also recorded double-digit revenue growth and had record third quarter sales, further adding to its subscription revenue pipeline. Our data and network businesses have long-term, recurring revenue contracts.
Fenics brokerage revenues increased by 19.4% to $97.5 million and increased 14.8% to $308.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior year period.
Fenics’ revenue growth was led by Fenics Rates, Credit and Data, network and post-trade businesses and Fenics represented 26.0% of BGC’s overall revenue in the third quarter.
Recent Developments / Tax Policy Changes
On August 16, 2022, the IR Act was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new corporate alternative minimum tax based on 15% of adjusted financial statement income for applicable corporations. The IR Act also provides for a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases (including redemptions) of stock by publicly traded U.S. corporations and certain U.S. subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself and not its stockholders from which the shares are repurchased. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. These tax provisions of the IR Act were effective January 1, 2023. We continue to analyze the impacts of the IR Act and related regulatory developments; however, it is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements in future periods.

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Trident
On February 28, 2023 the Company completed the acquisition of Trident, primarily operating as a commodity brokerage and research company, offering OTC and exchange traded energy and environmental products.
Other Matters
In February 2022, the U.S., U.K., EU, and other countries imposed sanctions on Russian counterparties, and as a result BGC has ceased trading with those clients. The Company derived less than one percent of total revenue from its Moscow branch and sanctioned Russian counterparties. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had reserved $2.0 million and $6.0 million, respectively, in connection with unsettled trades and receivables with sanctioned Russian entities. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company did not record a reserve in connection with unsettled trades and receivables with sanctioned Russian entities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had reserved $10.8 million in connection with unsettled trades and receivables with sanctioned Russian entities.
Financial Services Industry
The financial services industry has grown historically due to several factors. One factor was the increasing use of derivatives to manage risk or to take advantage of the anticipated direction of a market by allowing users to protect gains and/or guard against losses in the price of underlying assets without having to buy or sell the underlying assets. Derivatives are often used to mitigate the risks associated with interest rates, equity ownership, changes in the value of FX, credit defaults by corporate and sovereign debtors, and changes in the prices of commodity products. Over this same timeframe, demand from financial institutions, large corporations and other end-users of financial products have increased volumes in the wholesale derivatives market, thereby increasing the business opportunity for financial intermediaries.
Another key factor in the historical growth of the financial services industry has been the increase in the number of new financial products. As market participants and their customers strive to mitigate risk, new types of equity and fixed income securities, futures, options and other financial instruments have been developed. Most of these new securities and derivatives were not immediately ready for more liquid and standardized electronic markets, and generally increased the need for trading and required broker-assisted execution.
Due largely to the impacts of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, our businesses had faced more challenging market conditions from 2009 until the second half of 2016. Accommodative monetary policies were enacted by several major central banks, including the Federal Reserve, Bank of England, Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank, in response to the global financial crises. These policies resulted in historically low levels of volatility and interest rates across many of the financial markets in which we operate. The global credit markets also faced structural issues, such as increased bank capital requirements under Basel III. Consequently, these factors contributed to lower trading volumes in our Rates and Credit asset classes across most geographies in which we operated.
From mid-2016 until the first quarter of 2020, the overall financial services industry benefited from sustained economic growth, lower unemployment rates in most major economies, higher consumer spending, the modification or repeal of certain U.S. regulations, and higher overall corporate profitability. The trend towards digitization and electronification within the industry contributed to higher overall volumes and transaction count in fully electronic execution. From the second quarter of 2020 onward, concerns about the future trade relationship between the U.K. and the EU after Brexit, a slowdown in global growth driven by the outbreak of COVID-19, and an increase in trade protectionism were tempered by monetary and fiscal stimulus. During 2021, as the global economy recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic, higher inflation across the U.S. and other G8 countries led many central banks to begin and/or announce tapering and unwinding of asset purchases under quantitative easing programs, as well as implement multiple interest rate hikes.
Manufactured zero and near-zero interest rates over the last fourteen years caused the breakdown and disappearance of the historic correlation between issuance and trading volume growth. With meaningful interest rates and issuance that is multiples above 2008 levels, we believe the return of this strong positive correlation will drive our trading volumes significantly higher. This has set the stage for broad-based growth across BGC’s businesses and asset classes.
The recent change in central bank monetary policies away from zero interest rates, following the highest inflation in decades, together with rising interest rates set the stage for a resurgence in secondary market trading volumes for rates, credit and foreign exchange. For more than fourteen years, BGC and the entire financial service industry’s trading volumes had been constrained by low interest rates and quantitative easing. We believe BGC is well positioned to benefit from the return of interest rates, which we expect to drive our trading volumes, revenue and profitability higher for the foreseeable future.
BGC’s total revenues grew 15.9% in the third quarter of 2023, with revenues growing 11.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting increased volumes across all of our asset classes.
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Brexit
On January 1, 2021, the U.K. formally left the EU and U.K.-EU trade became subject to a new agreement that was concluded in December of 2020. The exit from the EU is commonly referred to as Brexit. Financial services fall outside of the scope of this trade agreement. At the time, the relationship was expected to be determined by a series of “equivalence decisions,” each of which would grant mutual market access for a limited subset of financial services where either party finds the other party has a regulatory regime that achieves similar outcomes to its own. In March 2021, the U.K. and EU agreed a Memorandum of Understanding on Financial Services Regulatory Cooperation which creates a structure for dialogue but does not include commitments on equivalence.
In light of ongoing uncertainties, market participants are still adjusting the way in which they conduct business between the U.K. and EU. The impact of Brexit on the U.K.-EU flow of financial services and economies of the U.K. and the EU member states continues to evolve.
We implemented plans to ensure continuity of service in Europe and continue to have regulated offices in place in many of the major European markets. As part of our ongoing Brexit strategy, ownership of BGC Madrid, Copenhagen and Frankfurt and GFI Paris, Madrid and Dublin branches was transferred to Aurel BGC SAS (a French-based company and therefore based in the EU) in July 2020. We have been generally increasing our footprint in the EU which includes the establishment of a new branch office of Aurel BGC SAS in Milan, and a new office in Monaco under a new local Monaco subsidiary, Aurel BGC Monaco SAM.
Regardless of these and other mitigating measures, our European headquarters and largest operations remain in London, and market access risks and uncertainties have had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our customers, counterparties, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, in the future the U.K. and EU’s regulation may diverge, which could disrupt and increase the costs of our operations, and result in a loss of existing levels of cross-border market access.
Regulation
Regulators in the U.S. have finalized most of the new rules across a range of financial marketplaces, including OTC derivatives, as mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Many of these rules became effective in prior years, while ongoing phase-ins are anticipated over coming years.
In addition to regulations in the U.S., legislators and regulators in Europe have crafted similar rules: MiFID II, which made sweeping changes to market infrastructure, European Market Infrastructure Regulation, which focused specifically on derivatives, and Capital Requirements Directive IV for prudential standards. Over the past years, European policymakers have launched various reviews of post-crisis legislation, leading to legislative updates such as EMIR Regulatory Fitness and Performance and CRD V. In May 2019, the European Securities Market Authority produced a report on proposals to further enhance the harmonization and standardization of derivatives reporting under EMIR, known as EMIR Refit. These proposals will require significant changes to the content and format of trade and transaction reporting systems across the industry. The current go-live dates for these changes are April 29, 2024 for Europe and September 30, 2024 for the U.K. We remain on track to be in compliance with the reporting enhancements. Furthermore, they introduced a new prudential regime tailored specifically to investment firms such as our firm – the Investment Firm Review. As all these rules take effect, they will continue to alter the environment in which we operate. We note that various internal and external factors have made the EU more rigid in its approach to non-EU countries which could impact the ease with which the global financial system is connected.
In 2019, a new European Commission took office which may over the course of its five-year mandate, introduce new legislative proposals for the Financial Services Sector and change the Brexit landscape for EU and U.K. financial firms alike. We are unable to predict how any of these new laws and proposed rules and regulations in the U.S. or the U.K. will be implemented or in what form, or whether any additional or similar changes to statutes or rules and regulations, including the interpretation or implementation thereof or a relaxation or other amendment of existing rules and regulations, will occur in the future. Any such action could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways, including important changes in market infrastructure, increased reporting costs and a potential rearrangement in the sources of available revenue in a more transparent market. Certain enhanced regulations could subject us to the risk of fines, sanctions, enhanced oversight, increased financial and capital requirements and additional restrictions or limitations on our ability to conduct or grow our businesses, and could otherwise have an adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We believe that uncertainty and potential delays around the final form of such new rules and regulations may negatively impact our customers and trading volumes in certain markets in which we transact, although a relaxation of existing rules and requirements could potentially have a positive impact in certain markets. Increased capital requirements may also diminish transaction velocity.
BGC Derivative Markets and GFI Swaps Exchange, our subsidiaries, operate as SEFs. Mandatory Dodd-Frank Act compliant execution on SEFs by eligible U.S. persons commenced in February 2014 for “made available to trade” products, and a wide range of other rules relating to the execution and clearing of derivative products were finalized with implementation
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periods in 2016 and beyond. We completed the purchase of the Futures Exchange Group from Cantor, which represents our futures exchange and related clearinghouse. As these rules require authorized execution facilities to maintain robust front-end and back-office IT capabilities and to make large and ongoing technology investments, and because these execution facilities may be supported by a variety of voice and auction-based execution methodologies, we expect our Hybrid and Fully Electronic trading capability to perform strongly in such an environment.
On June 25, 2020, the CFTC approved a final rule prohibiting post-trade name give-up for swaps executed, prearranged or prenegotiated anonymously on or pursuant to the rules of a SEF and intended to be cleared. The rule provides exemptions for package transactions that include a component transaction that is not a swap that is intended to be cleared. The rule went into effect on November 1, 2020 for swaps subject to the trade execution requirement under the Commodity Exchange Act Section 2(h)(8) and July 5, 2021 for swaps not subject to the trade execution requirement, but intended to be cleared.
On November 2, 2023, the SEC adopted new Regulation SE to create a framework for the registration and regulation of security-based swap execution facilities (SBSEFs). The new regulatory regime is one of the major reforms required under Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to the over-the-counter derivatives market.
In developing Regulation SE, the SEC sought to harmonize as closely as practicable with parallel rules of the CFTC that govern SEFs and swap execution generally. The regulation implements the Exchange Act’s trade execution requirement for security-based swaps and addresses the cross-border application of that requirement; implements Section 765 of the Dodd-Frank Act to mitigate conflicts of interest at SBSEFs and national securities exchanges that trade security-based swaps; and promotes consistency between proposed Regulation SE and existing rules under the Exchange Act. The adopted rules will become effective 60 days following the date of publication in the federal register. Any entity that meets the definition of a SBSEF must file an application to register with the SEC within 180 days of the effective date.
In addition, several state laws that have recently come into effect, and may come into effect in the future, have created and will create new compliance obligations related to personal data.
While we continue to have a compliance framework in place to comply with both existing and proposed rules and regulations, it is possible that the existing regulatory framework may be amended, which amendments could have a positive or negative impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
See “Regulation” included in Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for additional information related to our regulatory environment.
Industry Consolidation
Over the past decade, there has been significant consolidation among the interdealer-brokers and wholesale brokers with which we compete. We continue to compete with the electronic markets, post-trade and information businesses of NEX, that are part of CME now, through the various offerings on our Fenics platform. We will also continue to compete with TP ICAP and Tradition across various Voice/Hybrid brokerage marketplaces as well as via Fenics.
Additionally, there have been an increase in acquisitions of OTC trading platforms by exchanges and electronic marketplaces such as ICE buying BondPoint and TMC Bonds, Deutsche Börse buying 360T, CBOE buying Hotspot, MarketAxess buying LiquidityEdge, Tradeweb buying Nasdaq’s U.S. Fixed Income Electronic Trading Platform, LSEG acquiring Quantile, etc. We view the recent consolidation in the industry favorably, as we expect it to provide additional operating leverage to our businesses in the future.
Growth Drivers
As a wholesale intermediary in the financial services industry, our businesses are driven primarily by secondary trading volumes in the markets in which we broker, the size and productivity of our front-office headcount including brokers, salespeople, managers, technology professionals and other front-office personnel, regulatory issues, and the percentage of our revenues we are able to generate by Fully Electronic means. BGC’s revenues tend to have low correlation in the short- and medium-term with global bank and broker-dealer sales and trading revenues, which reflect bid-ask spreads and mark-to-market movements, as well as industry volumes in both the primary and secondary markets.
Below is a brief analysis of the market and industry volumes for some of our products, including our overall Hybrid and Fully Electronic execution activities.

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Overall Market Volumes and Volatility
Volume is driven by a number of factors, including the level of issuance for financial instruments, price volatility of financial instruments, macro-economic conditions, creation and adoption of new products, regulatory environment, and the introduction and adoption of new trading technologies. Historically, increased price volatility has often increased the demand for hedging instruments, including many of the cash and derivative products that we broker.
Rates volumes in particular are influenced by market volumes and, in certain instances, volatility. Historically low and negative interest rates, as well as central bank quantitative easing programs, across the globe significantly reduced the overall trading appetite for rates products. Such programs have depressed rates volumes because they entail central banks buying government securities or other securities in the open market in an effort to promote increased lending and liquidity and bring down long-term interest rates. When central banks hold these instruments, they tend not to trade or hedge, thus lowering rates volumes across cash and derivatives markets industry-wide. Following the market dislocation and pandemic, major central banks such as the U.S. Federal Reserve, ECB, Bank of Japan, Bank of England, and Swiss National Bank restarted quantitative easing programs in 2020. Beginning in 2022 inflationary concerns have resulted in rising interest rates and tapering and/or unwinding of central bank asset purchases.
Management continues to expect a robust macro trading environment throughout 2023, leading to broad-based growth in most products BGC brokers. This improved backdrop is expected to support both BGC’s Fenics and Voice/Hybrid businesses for the foreseeable future.
Additional factors have weighed on market volumes in the products we broker. For example, the Basel III accord, implemented in late 2010 by the G-20 central banks, is a global regulatory framework on bank capital adequacy, stress testing and market liquidity risk that was developed with the intention of making banks more stable in the wake of the financial crisis by increasing bank liquidity and reducing bank leverage. The accord, which took effect on January 1, 2023, requires most large banks in G-20 nations to hold approximately three times as much Tier 1 capital as was required under the previous set of rules. These capital rules have made it more expensive for banks to hold non-sovereign debt assets on their balance sheets, and as a result, analysts say that banks have reduced their proprietary trading activity in corporate and asset-backed fixed income securities as well as in various other OTC cash and derivative instruments. We believe that this has further reduced overall market exposure and industry volumes in many of the products we broker, particularly in Credit.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, industry volumes were higher across Rates and Energy & Commodities. Secondary trading volumes were mixed across FX and Credit and generally lower across Equities. BGC’s brokerage revenues were up by 14.8% year-on-year in the quarter. This growth was led by a 35.0% improvement in BGC’s Energy & Commodities business, driven by strong double-digit growth across our energy complex and our environmental products. BGC’s Rates, Credit and Foreign Exchange businesses generated solid year-over-year growth as interest rates and wider credit spreads continued to provide favorable macro trading conditions. BGC’s Equities business increased by 8.8%, reflecting higher volumes across equity derivatives, and European cash equities
Below is an expanded discussion of the volume and growth drivers of our various brokerage product categories.
Rates Volumes and Volatility
Our Rates business is influenced by a number of factors, including global sovereign issuances, interest rates, central bank policies, secondary trading and the hedging of these sovereign debt instruments. The amount of global sovereign debt outstanding remains at historically high levels; the level of secondary trading and related hedging activity was generally higher during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the prior year period. According to Bloomberg and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the average daily volume of U.S. Treasuries Coupon Securities was up 2%. Interest rate swap volumes traded on SEF were flat compared to the third quarter of 2022, according to Clarus, whereas listed products on CME were up 6%, during the third quarter of 2023. In comparison, our overall Rates revenues were up 12.1%, as compared to a year earlier, to $145.7 million.
Our Rates revenues, like the revenues for most of our products, are not fully dependent on market volumes and, therefore, do not always fluctuate consistently with industry metrics. This is largely because our Voice, Hybrid, and Fully Electronic Rates desks often have volume discounts built into their price structure, which results in our Rates revenues being less volatile than the overall industry volumes.
Overall, analysts and economists expect the absolute level of sovereign debt outstanding to remain at elevated levels for the foreseeable future as governments finance their future deficits and roll over their sizable existing debt. Additionally, yields on government bonds have steadily increased over the course of 2022 and 2023, which has given rise to increased volatility and higher demand to hedge interest rate exposure. The tapering and/or unwinding of asset purchases by central banks, interest rate hikes, along with elevated levels of government debt issuance, are expected to provide tailwinds to our Rates business.
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FX Volumes and Volatility
Global FX volumes were mixed during the third quarter of 2023. Volumes for CME FX futures and options and CME EBS spot FX were down 18% and 14%, respectively, and Cboe FX was up 7%, during the quarter. In comparison, our overall FX revenues increased by 8.6% to $79.8 million.
Equities Volumes
Global equity volumes were generally lower during the third quarter of 2023. According to the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, or SIFMA, the average daily volume of U.S. cash equities was down 4%, as compared to a year earlier. Over the same timeframe, Eurex average daily volumes of equity and equity index derivatives were down 9% while Euronext equity derivative index volume down 7%. However, according to the OCC, the average daily volume of U.S. options was up 9%. BGC’s equity business primarily consists of equity derivatives, particularly European equity derivatives. Our overall revenues from Equities increased by 8.8% to $52.7 million.
Credit Volumes
Our Credit business is impacted by the level of global corporate bond issuance, and interest rates. Credit volumes were generally mixed during the third quarter of 2023. FINRA TRACE average daily volume for U.S. Investment Grade was up 5% and U.S. High Yield was down 3% according to Bloomberg and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In comparison, our overall Credit revenues increased by 9.6% to $63.7 million.
Energy and Commodities Volumes
Energy and Commodities volumes were higher during the third quarter of 2023 compared with the year earlier. CME and ICE energy futures and options volumes were up 16% and 30%, respectively. In comparison, BGC’s Energy and Commodities revenues increased by 35.0% to $93.1 million.
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
See “Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to our regulatory environment.
LIQUIDITY
See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” herein for information related to our liquidity and capital resources.
HIRING AND ACQUISITIONS
Key drivers of our revenue are front-office producer headcount and average revenue per producer. We believe that our strong technology platform and unique compensation structure have enabled us to use both acquisitions and recruiting to profitably grow at a faster rate than our largest competitors since our formation in 2004.
We have invested significantly through acquisitions and the hiring of new brokers, salespeople, managers, technology professionals and other front-office personnel. The business climate for these acquisitions has been competitive, and it is expected that these conditions will persist for the foreseeable future. We have been able to attract businesses and brokers, salespeople, managers, technology professionals and other front-office personnel to our platform as we believe they recognize that we have the scale, technology, experience and expertise to succeed.
As of September 30, 2023, our front-office headcount was 2,033 brokers, salespeople, managers, technology professionals and other front-office personnel, up 2.2% from 1,990 September 30, 2022. Compared to the prior year, average revenue per front-office employee for the three months ended September 30, 2023, increased by 13.3% to $0.2 million.
The laws and regulations passed or proposed on both sides of the Atlantic concerning OTC trading seem likely to favor increased use of technology by all market participants, and are likely to accelerate the adoption of both Hybrid and Fully Electronic execution. We believe these developments will favor the larger inter-dealer brokers over smaller, non-public local competitors, as the smaller players generally do not have the financial resources to invest the necessary amounts in technology. We believe this will lead to further consolidation across the wholesale financial brokerage industry, and thus allow us to grow profitably.
Since 2021, our acquisitions have included the Futures Exchange Group and Trident.
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On February 28, 2023, we completed the purchase of Trident, which primarily operates as a commodity brokerage and research company, offering OTC and exchange traded energy and environmental products.
On July 30, 2021, we completed the purchase of the Futures Exchange Group from Cantor, which represents our futures exchange and related clearinghouse.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022
Income from operations before income taxes was $23.9 million compared to income from operations before income taxes of $19.0 million in the prior year period.
Total revenues increased $66.1 million, or 15.9%, to $482.7 million, largely due to growth of 14.8% in our brokerage revenues, driven by strong growth across all of our asset classes:
•Energy and Commodities increased $24.1 million, or 35.0%;
•Rates increased $15.7 million, or 12.1%;
•FX increased $6.3 million, or 8.6%;
•Credit increased $5.6 million, or 9.6%; and
•Equities increased $4.3 million, or 8.8%.
In addition, there was an increase of $6.0 million in Interest and dividend income, primarily driven by income earned on bank deposits and money market funds.
Total expenses increased $58.8 million, or 14.5%, to $464.9 million. There was a $42.3 million increase in total compensation expenses primarily driven by higher commission revenues on variable compensation and an increase in equity-based compensation. The $16.5 million increase in non-compensation expenses was primarily driven by an increase in Interest expense related to the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes issued on May 24, 2023 and borrowings on the Revolving Credit Agreement. These higher interest expenses were partially offset by lower interest due to the repayment in full of the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes on July 24, 2023.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
Income from operations before income taxes of $25.8 million compared to $95.8 million for the same period in the prior year.
Total revenues increased $149.9 million, or 11.0%, to $1,508.6 million, largely due to growth of 9.8% in our brokerage revenues:
•Energy and Commodities increased $63.4 million, or 29.1%,
•Rates increased $28.7 million, or 6.7%;
•Credit increased $15.8 million, or 7.7%;
•FX increased $9.6 million, or 4.2%; and
•Equities increased $4.3 million, or 2.5%.
In addition, there was an increase of $13.3 million in Interest and dividend income, primarily driven by income earned on bank deposits and money market funds.
Total expenses increased $212.1 million, or 16.6%, to $1,490.6 million, primarily driven by an increase in total compensation expenses of $187.7 million. The increase in equity-based compensation included a $60.9 million charge for the redemption of certain non-exchangeable limited partnership units in connection with the issuance of shares of BGC Group Class A common stock and the accompanying tax payments related to the Corporate Conversion, in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In addition, higher commission revenues on variable compensation contributed to the increase in compensation expenses. The $24.4 million increase in non-compensation expenses was primarily driven by an increase in Interest expense related to the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes issued on May 24, 2023 and borrowings on the Revolving Credit Agreement. These higher interest expenses were partially offset by lower interest due to the repayment in full of the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes on July 24, 2023.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations data expressed as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Actual
Results		Percentage
of Total
Revenues		Actual
Results		Percentage
of Total
Revenues		Actual
Results		Percentage
of Total
Revenues		Actual
Results		Percentage
of Total
Revenues
Revenues:
Commissions$350,305 72.5 %$299,430 71.9 %$1,076,313 71.4 %$965,636 71.1 %
Principal transactions84,725 17.6 79,568 19.1 294,537 19.5 283,338 20.9 
Total brokerage revenues435,030 90.1 378,998 91.0 1,370,850 90.9 1,248,974 92.0 
Fees from related parties3,723 0.8 3,896 0.9 11,742 0.8 10,838 0.8 
Data, network and post-trade27,797 5.8 23,808 5.7 81,919 5.4 71,326 5.2 
Interest and dividend income10,150 2.1 4,110 1.0 28,836 1.9 15,506 1.1 
Other revenues5,994 1.2 5,755 1.4 15,294 1.0 12,143 0.9 
Total revenues482,694 100.0 416,567 100.0 1,508,641 100.0 1,358,787 100.0 
Expenses:
Compensation and employee benefits233,087 48.2 202,353 48.5 743,688 49.3 671,494 49.4 
Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs¹69,268 14.4 57,730 13.9 277,285 18.4 161,739 11.9 
Total compensation and employee benefits302,355 62.6 260,083 62.4 1,020,973 67.7 833,233 61.3 
Occupancy and equipment40,028 8.3 38,710 9.3 121,681 8.0 117,294 8.6 
Fees to related parties7,046 1.5 6,551 1.6 23,477 1.6 18,285 1.3 
Professional and consulting fees13,734 2.8 15,048 3.6 44,254 2.9 44,489 3.3 
Communications29,222 6.1 26,802 6.4 84,974 5.6 81,859 6.0 
Selling and promotion14,939 3.1 11,373 2.7 44,875 3.0 34,754 2.6 
Commissions and floor brokerage14,755 3.1 13,104 3.1 46,181 3.1 44,686 3.3 
Interest expense20,780 4.3 14,499 3.5 56,436 3.7 43,144 3.2 
Other expenses22,030 4.6 19,951 4.9 47,759 3.2 60,736 4.4 
Total expenses464,889 96.4 406,121 97.5 1,490,610 98.8 1,278,480 94.0 
Other income (losses), net:
Gains (losses) on divestitures and sale of investments— 0.0(183)(0.0)— 0.0(183)(0.0)
Gains (losses) on equity method investments2,094 0.4 3,230 0.8 6,568 0.4 8,762 0.6 
Other income (loss)3,967 0.9 5,545 1.3 1,221 0.1 6,958 0.5 
Total other income (losses), net6,061 1.3 8,592 2.1 7,789 0.5 15,537 1.1 
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes23,866 4.9 19,038 4.6 25,820 1.7 95,844 7.1 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes5,314 1.1 10,813 2.6 8,308 0.5 40,575 3.0 
Consolidated net income (loss)$18,552 3.8 %$8,225 2.0 %$17,512 1.2 %$55,269 4.1 %
Less: Net income (loss) from operations attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries1,506 0.3 2,463 0.6 1,192 0.1 8,773 0.7 
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders$17,046 3.5 %$5,762 1.4 %$16,320 1.1 %$46,496 3.4 %
____________________________
1The components of Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs are as follows (in thousands):
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Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Actual
Results		Percentage
of Total
Revenues		Actual
Results		Percentage
of Total
Revenues		Actual
Results		Percentage
of Total
Revenues		Actual
Results		Percentage
of Total
Revenues
Issuance of common stock and grants of exchangeability$242 0.1 %$32,469 7.8 %$154,146 10.2 %$83,064 6.1 %
Allocations of net income and dividend equivalents1,137 0.2 3,492 0.8 4,154 0.3 11,916 0.9 
LPU amortization— 0.0 18,961 4.6 40,878 2.7 53,585 3.9 
RSU, RSU Tax Account, and restricted stock amortization67,889 14.1 2,808 0.7 78,107 5.2 13,174 1.0 
Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs$69,268 14.4 %$57,730 13.9 %$277,285 18.4 %$161,739 11.9 %
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Revenues
Brokerage Revenues
Total brokerage revenues increased by $56.0 million, or 14.8%, to $435.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. Commission revenues increased by $50.9 million, or 17.0%, to $350.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. Principal transactions revenues increased by $5.2 million, or 6.5%, to $84.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Our brokerage revenues from Energy and Commodities increased by $24.1 million, or 35.0%, to $93.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily driven by strong double-digit growth across our energy complex and our environmental products.
Our brokerage revenues from Rates increased by $15.7 million, or 12.1%, to $145.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, largely driven by higher client activity due to the combination of meaningful interest rates and improved trading conditions.
Our FX revenues increased by $6.3 million, or 8.6%, to $79.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily driven by higher FX derivative volumes.
Our Credit revenues increased by $5.6 million, or 9.6%, to $63.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher client activity as a result of improved trading conditions.
Our brokerage revenues from Equities increased by $4.3 million, or 8.8%, to $52.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher volumes across equity derivatives and European cash equities.
Fees from Related Parties
Fees from related parties decreased by $0.2 million, or 4.4%, to $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This was primarily driven by a decrease in revenues in connection with services provided to Cantor.
Data, Network and Post-Trade
Data, network and post-trade revenues increased by $4.0 million, or 16.8%, to $27.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by strong double-digit revenue growth across Lucera, Fenics Market Data, and our Capitalab post-trade business, as a result of expanding both our client base and our offerings.

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Interest and Dividend Income
Interest and dividend income increased by $6.0 million, or 147.0%, to $10.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This was driven by an increase in interest income on bank deposits and money market funds, which were primarily driven by larger balances and higher interest rates.
Other Revenues
Other revenues increased by $0.2 million, or 4.2%, to $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Expenses
Compensation and Employee Benefits
Compensation and employee benefits expense increased by $30.7 million, or 15.2%, to $233.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher commission revenues on variable compensation.
Equity-Based Compensation and Allocations of Net Income to Limited Partnership Units and FPUs
Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs increased by $11.5 million, or 20.0%, to $69.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This was primarily driven by an increase in RSU, RSU Tax Account, and restricted stock amortization expenses, partially offset by a decrease in issuances of common stock and LPU amortization expense, related to the Corporate Conversion.
Occupancy and Equipment
Occupancy and equipment expense increased by $1.3 million, or 3.4%, to $40.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by an increase in amortization expense on developed software and other rent and occupancy expenses.
Fees to Related Parties
Fees to related parties increased by $0.5 million, or 7.6%, to $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. Fees to related parties are allocations paid to Cantor for administrative and support services, such as accounting, occupancy, and legal.
Professional and Consulting Fees
Professional and consulting fees decreased by $1.3 million, or 8.7%, to $13.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by a decrease in consulting and other professional fees.
Communications
Communications expense increased by $2.4 million, or 9.0%, to $29.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by increases in various terminal and line service costs across market data and communications.
Selling and Promotion
Selling and promotion expense increased by $3.6 million, or 31.4%, to $14.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by an increase in business related travel and client entertainment as COVID-19 restrictions have relaxed across many of the major geographies in which BGC operates.
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Commissions and Floor Brokerage
Commissions and floor brokerage expense increased by $1.7 million, or 12.6%, to $14.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily driven by a higher number of trades in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and an increase in commission expense.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $6.3 million, or 43.3%, to $20.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by interest expense related to the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes issued on May 24, 2023 and higher interest expense related to the borrowings on the Revolving Credit Agreement, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense related to the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes due to repayment in full on July 24, 2023.
Other Expenses
Other expenses increased by $2.1 million, or 10.4%, to $22.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily due to an increase in revaluation expenses and reserves recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2023 related to potential losses associated with Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, partially offset by a decrease in litigation settlements and reserves.
Other Income (Losses), Net
Gains (Losses) on Equity Method Investments
Gains (losses) on equity method investments decreased by $1.1 million, or 35.2%, due to a gain of $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a gain of $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Other Income (Loss)
Other income (loss) decreased by $1.6 million, or 28.5%, to a gain of $4.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by a decrease in other recoveries.
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
Provision (benefit) for income taxes decreased by $5.5 million, or 50.9%, to $5.3 million of tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by a one-time tax benefit in revaluation of deferred tax balances due to ownership interest change, as a result of the Corporate Conversion, and a change in the geographical and business mix of earnings, which can impact our consolidated effective tax rate from period-to-period.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiaries
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries decreased by $1.0 million, or 38.9%, to a gain of $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to no longer reflecting net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries related to BGC Holdings as a result of the Corporate Conversion.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Revenues
Brokerage Revenues
Total brokerage revenues increased by $121.9 million, or 9.8%, to $1,370.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Commission revenues increased by $110.7 million, or 11.5%, to $1,076.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Principal transactions revenues increased by $11.2 million, or 4.0%, to $294.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
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Our brokerage revenues from Energy and Commodities increased by $63.4 million, or 29.1%, to $281.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily driven by strong double-digit growth across our energy complex, ship broking business and environmental products.
Our brokerage revenues from Rates increased by $28.7 million, or 6.7%, to $454.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, largely driven by higher client activity due to the combination of meaningful interest rates and improved trading conditions.
Our Credit revenues increased by $15.8 million, or 7.7%, to $219.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by stronger European and CDS volumes and higher client activity as a result of improved trading conditions.
Our FX revenues increased by $9.6 million, or 4.2%, to $237.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily driven by higher volumes across emerging markets.
Our brokerage revenues from Equities increased by $4.3 million, or 2.5%, to $178.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher volumes across U.S. equity derivatives.
Fees from Related Parties
Fees from related parties increased by $0.9 million, or 8.3%, to $11.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year, which was primarily driven by an increase in revenues in connection with services provided to Cantor.
Data, Network and Post-Trade
Data, network and post-trade revenues increased by $10.6 million, or 14.9%, to $81.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same period in prior year. This increase was primarily driven by strong revenue growth across Lucera, Fenics Market Data, and our Capitalab post-trade business, as a result of expanding both our client base and our offerings.
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest and dividend income increased by $13.3 million, or 86.0%, to $28.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This was primarily driven by an increase interest income on bank deposits and money market funds, which were primarily driven by changing interest rates and larger balances.
Other Revenues
Other revenues increased by $3.2 million, or 25.9% to $15.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by an increase in dividend income on investments and consulting income.
Expenses
Compensation and Employee Benefits
Compensation and employee benefits expense increased by $72.2 million, or 10.8%, to $743.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The primary driver of the increase was higher commission revenues on variable compensation.
Equity-Based Compensation and Allocations of Net Income to Limited Partnership Units and FPUs
Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs increased by $115.5 million, or 71.4%, to $277.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This was primarily driven by an increase in issuance of common stock and grants of exchangeability, which included a $60.9 million charge for the redemption of certain non-exchangeable limited partnership units in connection with the issuance of shares of BGC Class A common stock and the accompanying tax payments related to the Corporate
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Conversion. The increase was also due to an increase in RSU, RSU Tax Account, and restricted stock amortization expenses, partially offset by a cessation of LPU amortization expense, related to the Corporate Conversion.
Occupancy and Equipment
Occupancy and equipment expense increased by $4.4 million, or 3.7%, to $121.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by an increase in amortization expense on developed software and other rent and occupancy expenses, partially offset by a decrease in fixed asset impairment.
Fees to Related Parties
Fees to related parties increased by $5.2 million, or 28.4%, to $23.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Fees to related parties are allocations paid to Cantor for administrative and support services.
Professional and Consulting Fees
Professional and consulting fees remained relatively flat at $44.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Communications
Communications expense increased by $3.1 million, or 3.8%, to $85.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by increases in various terminal and line service costs across market data and communications.
Selling and Promotion
Selling and promotion expense increased by $10.1 million, or 29.1%, to $44.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in business related travel and client entertainment as COVID-19 restrictions have relaxed across many of the major geographies in which BGC operates.
Commissions and Floor Brokerage
Commissions and floor brokerage expense increased by $1.5 million, or 3.3%, to $46.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by an increase in trade count.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $13.3 million, or 30.8%, to $56.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by interest expense related to the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes issued on May 24, 2023 and higher interest expense related to the borrowings on the Revolving Credit Agreement, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense related to the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes due to repayment in full on July 24, 2023.
Other Expenses
Other expenses decreased by $13.0 million, or 21.4%, to $47.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily due to a decrease in litigation settlements and reserves, and a decrease in reserves related to potential losses associated with Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, partially offset by an increase in revaluation expense.
Other Income (Losses), net
Gains (Losses) on Equity Method Investments
Gains (losses) on equity method investments decreased by $2.2 million, or 25.0%, to a gain of $6.6 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a gain of $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
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Other Income (Loss)
Other income (loss) decreased by $5.7 million, or 82.5% to a gain of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by a decrease related to fair value adjustments on investments carried under the measurement alternative and a decrease in other recoveries.
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
Provision (benefit) for income taxes decreased by $32.3 million, or 79.5%, to $8.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in pretax earnings, a one-time benefit in revaluation of deferred tax balances due to ownership interest change, as a result of the Corporate Conversion, and a change in the geographical and business mix of earnings, which can impact our consolidated effective tax rate from period-to-period.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiaries
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries decreased by $7.6 million, or 86.4%, to a gain of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily driven by a decrease in earnings and no longer reflecting net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries related to BGC Holdings as a result of the Corporate Conversion.
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QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth our unaudited quarterly results of operations for the indicated periods (in thousands). Results of any period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year and may, in certain periods, be affected by seasonal fluctuations in our business. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period’s presentation.
September 30,
2023		June 30,
2023		March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022		September 30,
2022		June 30,
2022		March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Revenues:
Commissions$350,305 $348,720 $377,288 $315,658 $299,430 $309,542 $356,664 $349,896 
Principal transactions84,725 94,883 114,929 82,169 79,568 88,169 115,601 73,004 
Fees from related parties3,723 4,062 3,957 3,896 3,896 3,625 3,317 3,356 
Data, network and post-trade27,797 27,000 27,122 25,063 23,808 23,391 24,127 24,137 
Interest and dividend income10,150 13,371 5,315 5,501 4,110 8,961 2,435 4,442 
Other revenues5,994 5,044 4,256 4,228 5,755 2,068 4,320 6,756 
Total revenues482,694 493,080 532,867 436,515 416,567 435,756 506,464 461,591 
Expenses:
Compensation and employee benefits233,087 243,387 267,214 181,671 202,353 211,873 257,268 434,807 
Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs69,268 126,644 81,373 89,332 57,730 46,133 57,876 85,889 
Total compensation and employee benefits302,355 370,031 348,587 271,003 260,083 258,006 315,144 520,696 
Occupancy and equipment40,028 40,488 41,165 40,197 38,710 39,921 38,663 46,724 
Fees to related parties7,046 7,991 8,440 7,377 6,551 6,009 5,725 8,456 
Professional and consulting fees13,734 14,819 15,701 24,286 15,048 13,810 15,631 14,813 
Communications29,222 27,813 27,939 26,237 26,802 27,166 27,891 27,611 
Selling and promotion14,939 15,320 14,616 14,461 11,373 12,443 10,938 12,356 
Commissions and floor brokerage14,755 16,161 15,265 13,591 13,104 14,239 17,343 16,563 
Interest expense20,780 19,914 15,742 14,788 14,499 14,342 14,303 16,061 
Other expenses22,030 13,221 12,508 26,695 19,951 23,010 17,775 16,465 
Total expenses464,889 525,758 499,963 438,635 406,121 408,946 463,413 679,745 
Other income (losses), net:
Gain (loss) on divestiture and sale of investments— — — (846)(183)— — 312,941 
Gains (losses) on equity method investments2,094 2,412 2,062 2,158 3,230 2,729 2,803 2,101 
Other income (loss)3,967 (1,011)(1,735)2,415 5,545 1,909 (496)7,862 
Total other income (losses), net6,061 1,401 327 3,727 8,592 4,638 2,307 322,904 
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes23,866 (31,277)33,231 1,607 19,038 31,448 45,358 104,750 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes5,314 (9,067)12,061 (1,991)10,813 15,105 14,657 15,957 
Consolidated net income (loss)$18,552 $(22,210)$21,170 $3,598 $8,225 $16,343 $30,701 $88,793 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries1,506 (2,506)2,192 1,382 2,463 1,581 4,729 12,340 
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders$17,046 $(19,704)$18,978 $2,216 $5,762 $14,762 $25,972 $76,453 
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The table below details our brokerage revenues by product category for the indicated periods (in thousands):
September 30, 2023June 30,
2023		March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022		September 30,
2022		June 30,
2022		March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Brokerage revenue by product:
Rates$145,703 $144,209 $164,737 $123,594 $129,971 $137,129 $158,809 $131,732 
Energy and Commodities93,120 98,688 89,659 73,608 68,975 66,687 82,395 71,527 
Credit63,747 65,806 89,549 68,067 58,187 61,257 83,908 65,969 
FX79,795 77,527 80,158 71,868 73,481 74,347 80,025 72,112 
Equities52,665 57,373 68,114 60,690 48,384 58,291 67,128 61,671 
Insurance— — — — — — — 19,889 
Total brokerage revenues$435,030 $443,603 $492,217 $397,827 $378,998 $397,711 $472,265 $422,900 
Brokerage revenue by product (percentage):
Rates33.5 %32.5 %33.5 %31.0 %34.3 %34.5 %33.6 %31.1 %
FX18.3 17.5 16.3 18.1 19.4 18.7 17.0 17.1 
Energy and Commodities21.4 22.2 18.2 18.5 18.2 16.8 17.4 16.9 
Credit14.7 14.8 18.2 17.1 15.3 15.4 17.8 15.6 
Equities12.1 13.0 13.8 15.3 12.8 14.6 14.2 14.6 
Insurance— — — — — — — 4.7 
Total brokerage revenues100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %
Brokerage revenue by type:
Voice/Hybrid$337,522 $345,478 $379,005 $313,994 $297,316 $311,541 $371,078 $345,681 
Fully Electronic97,508 98,125 113,212 83,833 81,682 86,170 101,187 77,219 
Total brokerage revenues$435,030 $443,603 $492,217 $397,827 $378,998 $397,711 $472,265 $422,900 
Brokerage revenue by product (percentage):
Voice/Hybrid77.6 %77.9 %77.0 %78.9 %78.4 %78.3 %78.6 %81.7 %
Fully Electronic22.4 22.1 23.0 21.1 21.6 21.7 21.4 18.3 
Total brokerage revenues100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Balance Sheet
Our balance sheet and business model are not capital intensive. Our assets consist largely of Cash and cash equivalents, collateralized and uncollateralized short-dated receivables and less liquid assets needed to support our business. Longer-term capital (equity and notes payable) is held to support the less liquid assets and potential capital investment opportunities. Total assets as of September 30, 2023 were $3.9 billion, an increase of 25.5% as compared to December 31, 2022. The increase in total assets was driven primarily by an increase in Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers, Accrued commissions and other receivables, net, Loans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, net, and Cash and cash equivalents. We maintain a significant portion of our assets in Cash and cash equivalents and Financial instruments owned, at fair value, with Cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2023 of $559.6 million, and our liquidity (which is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as Cash and cash equivalents, Reverse Repurchase Agreements, and Financial instruments owned, at fair value, less Securities loaned and Repurchase agreements) as of September 30, 2023 of $605.0 million. See “Liquidity Analysis” below for a further discussion of our liquidity. Our Financial instruments owned, at fair value, were $45.5 million as of September 30, 2023, compared to $39.3 million as of December 31, 2022. We had no Reverse Repurchase Agreements as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
As part of our cash management process, we may enter into tri-party Reverse Repurchase Agreements and other short-term investments, some of which may be with Cantor. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no Reverse Repurchase Agreements outstanding. Further, we had no Repurchase agreements or Securities loaned as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Additionally, in August 2013, the Audit Committee authorized us to invest up to $350.0 million in an asset-backed commercial paper program for which certain Cantor entities serve as placement agent and referral agent. The program issues short-term notes to money market investors and is expected to be used from time to time as a liquidity management vehicle.
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The notes are backed by assets of highly rated banks. We are entitled to invest in the program so long as the program meets investment policy guidelines, including policies relating to ratings. Cantor will earn a spread between the rate it receives from the short-term note issuer and the rate it pays to us on any investments in this program. This spread will be no greater than the spread earned by Cantor for placement of any other commercial paper note in the program. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we did not have any investments in the program.
Funding
Our funding base consists of longer-term capital (equity and notes payable), collateralized financings and shorter-term liabilities through the normal course of business. We have limited need for short-term unsecured funding in our regulated entities for their brokerage business. Contingent liquidity needs are largely limited to potential cash collateral that may be needed to meet clearing bank, clearinghouse, and exchange margins and/or to fund fails. Current cash and cash equivalent balances exceed our potential normal course contingent liquidity needs. We believe that cash and cash equivalents in and available to our largest regulated entities, inclusive of financing provided by clearing banks and cash segregated under regulatory requirements, is adequate for potential cash demands of normal operations, such as margin or financing of fails. We expect our operating activities going forward to generate adequate cash flows to fund normal operations, share repurchases, and any dividends paid pursuant to our dividend policy. However, we continually evaluate opportunities for growth and to further enhance our strategic position, including, among other things, acquisitions, strategic alliances and joint ventures potentially involving all types and combinations of equity, debt and acquisition alternatives. As a result, we may need to raise additional funds to:
•increase the regulatory net capital necessary to support operations;
•support continued growth in our businesses;
•effect acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures and other transactions;
•develop new or enhanced products, services and markets; and
•respond to competitive pressures.
Acquisitions and financial reporting obligations related thereto may impact our ability to access longer term capital markets funding on a timely basis and may necessitate greater short-term borrowings in the interim. This may impact our credit rating or our costs of borrowing. We may need to access short-term capital sources to meet business needs from time to time, including, but not limited to, conducting operations; hiring or retaining brokers, salespeople, managers, technology professionals and other front-office personnel; financing acquisitions; and providing liquidity, including in situations where we may not be able to access the capital markets in a timely manner when desired by us. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain additional financing when needed on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all.
As discussed below, our liquidity remained strong at $605.0 million as of September 30, 2023, which can be used for share repurchases, dividends, new hires, tax payments, ordinary movements in working capital, and our continued investment in Fenics Growth Platforms. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased 18.7 million shares of BGC Class A common stock for aggregate consideration of $88.1 million, representing a weighted-average price per share of $4.70. As of November 7, 2023, we have repurchased and redeemed an additional 4.1 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the fourth quarter for aggregate consideration of $23.6 million, representing a weighted-average price per share of $5.82.
On October 27, 2023, our Board declared a $0.01 dividend for the third quarter of 2023. Our current capital allocation priorities are to return capital to stockholders and to continue investing in our high growth Fenics businesses. Historically, we were deeply dividend-centric; going forward, we plan to prioritize share repurchases over dividends.
Notes Payable, Other and Short-term Borrowings

Unsecured Senior Revolving Credit Agreement
On November 28, 2018, BGC Partners entered into the Revolving Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders, which replaced the existing committed unsecured senior revolving credit agreement. The maturity date of the Revolving Credit Agreement was November 28, 2020 and the maximum revolving loan balance was $350.0 million. Borrowings under this Revolving Credit Agreement bore interest at either LIBOR or a defined base rate plus additional margin. On December 11, 2019, BGC Partners entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, the maturity date was extended to February 26, 2021. On February 26, 2020, BGC Partners entered into a second amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement, pursuant to which the maturity date was extended by two years to February 26, 2023. The size of the Revolving Credit Agreement, along with the interest rate on the
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borrowings therefrom, remained unchanged. On November 1, 2021, BGC Partners repaid in full the $300.0 million borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Agreement, which had been borrowed earlier in 2021. On March 10, 2022, BGC Partners entered into an amendment and restatement of the senior unsecured revolving credit agreement, pursuant to which the maturity date was extended to March 10, 2025, the size of the credit facility was increased to $375.0 million, and borrowings under this agreement will bear interest based on either SOFR or a defined base rate plus additional margin. As of September 30, 2023 and November 7, 2023, BGC Partners had $240.0 million in outstanding borrowings from its Revolving Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2022, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Agreement. Our liquidity remains strong and was $605.0 million as of September 30, 2023, as discussed below.
On October 6, 2023, the Revolving Credit Agreement was amended to exclude the BGC Partners Notes from the restrictive covenant in the Revolving Credit Agreement limiting the indebtedness of subsidiaries, and BGC Group assumed all rights and obligations of BGC Partners under the Revolving Credit Agreement and became the borrower thereunder.
BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes
On July 24, 2018, BGC Partners issued an aggregate of $450.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes due July 24, 2023. The BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes were general senior unsecured obligations of BGC Partners. The BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes bore interest at a rate of 5.375% per year, payable in cash on January 24 and July 24 of each year, commencing January 24, 2019.
On July 24, 2023, BGC Partners repaid the $450.0 million principal amount plus accrued interest on the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes using the proceeds from the issuance of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes, cash on hand and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement.
Exchange Offer and Market-Making Registration Statement
On October 6, 2023, BGC Group completed the Exchange Offer, in which BGC Group offered to exchange the BGC Partners Notes for new notes to be issued by BGC Group with the same respective interest rates, maturity dates and substantially identical terms as the tendered notes, and cash. In connection with the Exchange Offer, and on behalf of BGC Partners, BGC Group also solicited consents from (i) holders of the BGC Partners Notes to certain proposed amendments to the indenture and supplemental indentures pursuant to which such BGC Partners Notes were issued to, among other things, eliminate certain affirmative and restrictive covenants and events of default, including the “Change of Control” provisions described below, which had applied to each series of the BGC Partners Notes, and (ii) from holders of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes to amend the registration rights agreement relating thereto to terminate such agreement. As of September 19, 2023, the requisite note holder consents were received to adopt the proposed indenture amendments and terminate the registration rights agreement relating to the 8.000% Senior Notes. In connection with the October 6, 2023 closing of the Exchange Offer, (i) $255.5 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes were exchanged for BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes and subsequently canceled, $288.2 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes were exchanged for BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes and subsequently cancelled, $347.2 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes were exchanged for BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes and subsequently cancelled, and equivalent aggregate principal amounts of BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes, BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes and BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes, respectively, were issued; (ii) the indenture and supplemental indentures relating to the 3.750% Senior Notes, the 4.375% Senior Notes and the 8.000% Senior Notes were amended as proposed; and (iii) the registration rights agreement relating to the 8.000% Senior Notes was terminated.
On October 19, 2023, we filed a resale registration statement on Form S-3 pursuant to which CF&Co may make offers and sales of the BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes, the BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes and the BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes in connection with ongoing market-making transactions which may occur from time to time. Such market-making transactions in these securities may occur in the open market or may be privately negotiated at prevailing market prices at a time of resale or at related or negotiated prices. Neither CF&Co, nor any other of our affiliates, has any obligation to make a market in our securities, and CF&Co or any such other affiliate may discontinue market-making activities at any time without notice.
3.750% Senior Notes
On September 27, 2019, BGC Partners issued an aggregate of $300.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes. The BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes are general unsecured obligations of BGC Partners. The BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.750% per year, payable in cash on April 1 and October 1 of each year, commencing April 1, 2020. The BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes will mature on October 1, 2024. BGC Partners may redeem some or all of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole”
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redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes). The initial carrying value of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes was $296.1 million, net of discount and debt issuance costs of $3.9 million, of which $0.2 million were underwriting fees payable to CF&Co. The issuance costs are amortized as interest expense and the carrying value of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes will accrete up to the face amount over the term of the notes. The carrying value of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes was $299.2 million as of September 30, 2023.
On October 11, 2019, BGC Partners filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4, which was declared effective by the SEC on October 24, 2019. On October 28, 2019, BGC Partners launched an exchange offer in which holders of the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes, issued in a private placement on September 27, 2019, could exchange such notes for new registered notes with substantially identical terms. The exchange offer closed on December 9, 2019, at which point the initial 3.750% Senior Notes were exchanged for new registered notes with substantially identical terms.
As discussed above, on October 6, 2023, pursuant to the Exchange Offer, $255.5 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes were exchanged for BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes and subsequently cancelled, and certain amendments to the indenture and supplemental indenture governing the BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes became effective. The BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes will mature on October 1, 2024 and bear interest at a rate of 3.750% per year, payable in cash on April 1 and October 1 of each year, commencing April 1, 2024. BGC Group may redeem some or all of the BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole” redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes). If a “Change of Control Triggering Event” (as defined in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Group 3.750% Senior Notes) occurs, holders may require BGC Group to purchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the purchase date.
Following the closing of the Exchange Offer, $44.5 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Partners 3.750% Senior Notes remained outstanding.
4.375% Senior Notes
On July 10, 2020, BGC Partners issued an aggregate of $300.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes. The BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes are general unsecured obligations of BGC Partners. The BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.375% per year, payable in cash on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing December 15, 2020. The BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes will mature on December 15, 2025. BGC Partners may redeem some or all of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole” redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes). Cantor purchased $14.5 million of such senior notes and still held such notes as of September 30, 2023. The initial carrying value of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes was $296.8 million, net of discount and debt issuance costs of $3.2 million, of which $0.2 million were underwriting fees payable to CF&Co. The carrying value of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes was $298.6 million as of September 30, 2023.
On August 28, 2020, BGC Partners filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4, which was declared effective by the SEC on September 8, 2020. On September 9, 2020, BGC Partners launched an exchange offer in which holders of the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes, issued in a private placement on July 10, 2020, could exchange such notes for new registered notes with substantially identical terms. The exchange offer closed on October 14, 2020, at which point the initial 4.375% Senior Notes were exchanged for new registered notes with substantially identical terms.
As discussed above, on October 6, 2023, pursuant to the Exchange Offer, $288.2 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes were exchanged for BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes and subsequently cancelled, and certain amendments to the indenture and supplemental indenture governing the BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes became effective. The BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes will mature on December 15, 2025 and bear interest at a rate of 4.375% per year, payable in cash on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing December 15, 2023. BGC Group may redeem some or all of the BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole” redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes). If a “Change of Control Triggering Event” (as defined in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes) occurs, holders may require BGC Group to purchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the purchase date.
Following the closing of the Exchange Offer, $11.8 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Partners 4.375% Senior Notes remained outstanding. Cantor participated in the Exchange Offer, and currently holds $14.5 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Group 4.375% Senior Notes.

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8.000% Senior Notes
On May 25, 2023, BGC Partners issued an aggregate of $350.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes. The BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes are general unsecured obligations of BGC Partners. The BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 8.000% per year, payable in cash on May 25 and November 25 of each year, commencing November 25, 2023. The BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes will mature on May 25, 2028. BGC Partners may redeem some or all of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole” redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes). The initial carrying value of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes was $346.6 million, net of debt issuance costs of $3.4 million. The issuance costs are amortized as interest expense and the carrying value of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes will accrete up to the face amount over the term of the notes. The carrying value of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes was $346.8 million as of September 30, 2023.
On October 6, 2023, pursuant to the Exchange Offer, $347.2 million aggregate principal amount of BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes were exchanged for BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes and subsequently cancelled, and certain amendments to the indenture and supplemental indenture governing the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes became effective. The BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes will mature on May 25, 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 8.000% per year, payable in cash on May 25 and November 25 of each year, commencing November 25, 2023. BGC Group may redeem some or all of the BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes at any time or from time to time for cash at certain “make-whole” redemption prices (as set forth in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes). If a “Change of Control Triggering Event” (as defined in the supplemental indenture related to the BGC Group 8.000% Senior Notes) occurs, holders may require BGC Group to purchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the purchase date.
Following closing of the Exchange Offer, $2.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 8.000% Senior Notes remained outstanding. In connection with the issuance of the BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes, BGC Partners entered into a registration rights agreement providing for a future registered exchange offer by May 25, 2024 in which holders of the 8.000% Senior Notes, issued in a private placement on May 25, 2023, could exchange such notes for new registered notes with substantially identical terms. Such registration rights agreement was terminated in connection with the closing of the Exchange Offer.
Collateralized Borrowings
On April 8, 2019, we entered into a secured loan arrangement of $15.0 million, under which we pledged certain fixed assets as security for a loan. This arrangement incurred interest at a fixed rate of 3.77% and matured on April 8, 2023, at which point the balance was paid in full; therefore, there were no borrowings as of September 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, we had $2.0 million, outstanding related to this secured loan arrangement. The book value of the fixed assets pledged as of December 31, 2022, was nil.
On April 19, 2019, we entered into a secured loan arrangement of $10.0 million, under which we pledged certain fixed assets as security for a loan. This arrangement incurred interest at a fixed rate of 3.89% and matured on April 19, 2023, at which point the balance was paid in full; therefore, there were no borrowings as of September 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $1.3 million outstanding related to this secured loan arrangement. The book value of the fixed assets pledged as of December 31, 2022 was $0.3 million.
Weighted-average Interest Rate
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the weighted-average interest rate of BGC Partners’ total Notes payable and other borrowings, which include BGC Partners’ Revolving Credit Agreement, Company Debt Securities, and collateralized borrowings, was 5.84% and 4.62%, respectively.
Short-term Borrowings
On August 22, 2017, we entered into a committed unsecured loan agreement with Itau Unibanco S.A. The credit agreement provided for short-term loans of up to $4.0 million (BRL 20.0 million). The maturity date of the agreement is May 21, 2023. Borrowings under this agreement bore interest at the Brazilian Interbank offering rate plus 3.20%. During June 2023, the borrowings under this agreement were repaid in full, and the loan was terminated; therefore, as of September 30, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under this agreement. As of December 31, 2022, there were $2.0 million (BRL 10.0 million) of borrowings outstanding under the facility.
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On August 23, 2017, we entered into a committed unsecured credit agreement with Itau Unibanco S.A. The credit agreement provided for an intra-day overdraft credit line up to $10.4 million (BRL 50.0 million). On August 20, 2021, the agreement was renegotiated, increasing the credit line to $12.0 million (BRL 60.0 million). On May 22, 2023 the agreement was renegotiated, increased the credit line to $14.0 million (BRL 70.0 million). The maturity date of the agreement is November 17, 2023. This agreement bears a fee of 1.35% per year. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no borrowings outstanding under this agreement.
On January 25, 2021, we entered into a committed unsecured loan agreement with Banco Daycoval S.A., which provided for short-term loans of up to $2.0 million (BRL 10.0 million) and was renegotiated on June 1, 2021. The amended agreement provided for short-term loans of up to $4.0 million (BRL 20.0 million). Borrowings under this agreement bore interest at the Brazilian Interbank offering rate plus 3.66%. During September 2022, the borrowings under this agreement were repaid in full, and the loan was terminated on September 27, 2022, therefore as of September 30, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under the agreement.
BGC Credit Agreement with Cantor
On March 19, 2018, BGC Partners entered into the BGC Credit Agreement with Cantor. The BGC Credit Agreement provides for each party and certain of its subsidiaries to issue loans to the other party or any of its subsidiaries in the lender’s discretion in an aggregate principal amount up to $250.0 million outstanding at any time. The BGC Credit Agreement replaced the previous Credit Facility between BGC Partners and an affiliate of Cantor, and was approved by the Audit Committee of BGC Partners. On August 6, 2018, BGC Partners entered into an amendment to the BGC Credit Agreement, which increased the aggregate principal amount that can be loaned to the other party or any of its subsidiaries from $250.0 million to $400.0 million that can be outstanding at any time. On October 6, 2023, BGC Group assumed all rights and obligations of BGC Partners under the BGC Credit Agreement. The BGC Credit Agreement will mature on the earlier to occur of (a) March 19, 2024, after which the maturity date of the BGC Credit Agreement will continue to be extended for successive one-year periods unless prior written notice of non-extension is given by a lending party to a borrowing party at least six months in advance of such renewal date and (b) the termination of the BGC Credit Agreement by either party pursuant to its terms. The outstanding amounts under the BGC Credit Agreement will bear interest for any rate period at a per annum rate equal to the higher of BGC Partners’ or Cantor’s short-term borrowing rate in effect at such time plus 1.00%. As of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no borrowings by the Company or Cantor outstanding under this Agreement.
CREDIT RATINGS
As of September 30, 2023, our public long-term credit ratings and associated outlooks were as follows:
RatingOutlook
Fitch Ratings Inc.BBB-Stable
Standard & Poor’sBBB-Stable
Japan Credit Rating Agency, Ltd.BBB+Stable
Kroll Bond Rating AgencyBBBStable
Credit ratings and associated outlooks are influenced by a number of factors, including, but not limited to: operating environment, earnings and profitability trends, the prudence of funding and liquidity management practices, balance sheet size/composition and resulting leverage, cash flow coverage of interest, composition and size of the capital base, available liquidity, outstanding borrowing levels and the firm’s competitive position in the industry. A credit rating and/or the associated outlook can be revised upward or downward at any time by a rating agency if such rating agency decides that circumstances warrant such a change. Any downgrade in our credit ratings and/or the associated outlooks could adversely affect the availability of debt financing on terms acceptable to us, as well as the cost and other terms upon which we are able to obtain any such financing. In addition, credit ratings and associated outlooks may be important to customers or counterparties when we compete in certain markets and when we seek to engage in certain transactions. In connection with certain agreements, we may be required to provide additional collateral in the event of a credit ratings downgrade.
LIQUIDITY ANALYSIS
We consider our liquidity to be comprised of the sum of Cash and cash equivalents, Reverse Repurchase Agreements, and Financial instruments owned, at fair value, less Securities loaned and Repurchase agreements. We consider liquidity to be an important metric for determining the amount of cash that is available or that could be readily available to the Company on short notice. The discussion below describes the key components of our liquidity analysis. Our cash, cash flows, and financing arrangements are sufficient to support our cash requirements for the next twelve months and beyond.
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We consider the following in analyzing changes in our liquidity:
•Our liquidity analysis includes a comparison of our Consolidated net income (loss) adjusted for certain non-cash items (e.g., Equity-based compensation) as presented on the cash flow statement. Dividends are payments made to our holders of common shares and are related to earnings from prior periods. These timing differences will impact our cash flows in a given period;
•Our investing and funding activities represent a combination of our capital raising activities, including short-term borrowings and repayments, BGC Class A common stock repurchases and, previously, partnership unit redemptions, purchases and sales of securities, dispositions, and other investments (e.g., acquisitions, forgivable loans to new brokers and capital expenditures—all net of depreciation and amortization);
•Our securities settlement activities primarily represent deposits with clearing organizations;
•Other changes in working capital represent changes primarily in receivables and payables and accrued liabilities that impact our liquidity; and
•Changes in Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Financial instruments owned, at fair value may result from additional cash investments or sales, which will be offset by a corresponding change in Cash and cash equivalents and, accordingly, will not result in a change in our liquidity. Conversely, changes in the market value of such securities are reflected in our earnings or other comprehensive income (loss) and will result in changes in our liquidity.
At December 31, 2019, the Company completed the calculation of the one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of foreign subsidiaries’ earnings pursuant to the Tax Act and previously recorded a net cumulative tax expense of $28.6 million, net of foreign tax credits. An installment election can be made to pay the taxes over eight years with 40% paid in equal installments over the first five years and the remaining 60% to be paid in installments of 15%, 20% and 25% in years six, seven and eight, respectively. The cumulative remaining balance as of September 30, 2023 was $18.8 million.
As of September 30, 2023, the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries had $559.6 million of Cash and cash equivalents. In addition, the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries held securities of $45.5 million within their Liquidity position as of September 30, 2023.
Discussion of the nine months ended September 30, 2023
The table below presents our Liquidity Analysis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$559,587 $484,989 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value45,453 39,319 
Total$605,040 $524,308 
The $80.7 million increase in our liquidity position from $524.3 million as of December 31, 2022 to $605.0 million as of September 30, 2023, was primarily related to the issuance of $350.0 million principal amount of BGC Partners 8.000% Senior Notes, $240.0 million of borrowings from the Revolving Credit Agreement, and cash flow from operations, partially offset by the repayment of the $450.0 million principal amount of, plus accrued interest on, the BGC Partners 5.375% Senior Notes, ordinary movements in working capital, the acquisition of Trident, tax payments, dividends and distributions, share repurchases, and our continued investments in Fenics Growth Platforms.
Discussion of the nine months ended September 30, 2022
The table below presents our Liquidity Analysis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$473,344 $553,598 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value38,446 41,244 
Repurchase agreements(1,013)— 
Total$510,777 $594,842 
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The $84.1 million decrease in our liquidity position from $594.8 million as of December 31, 2021 to $510.8 million as of September 30, 2022, was primarily related to ordinary movements in working capital, share and unit repurchases and redemptions, dividends and distributions, new hires, tax payments, and our continued investment in Fenics Growth Platforms.
CLEARING CAPITAL
In November 2008, we entered into a clearing capital agreement with Cantor to clear U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities transactions on our behalf. In June 2020, this clearing capital agreement was amended to cover Cantor providing clearing services in all eligible financial products to us and not just U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, so long as Cantor is providing clearing services to us, Cantor shall be entitled to request from us cash or other collateral acceptable to Cantor in the amount reasonably requested by Cantor under the clearing capital agreement or Cantor will post cash or other collateral on our behalf for a commercially reasonable charge. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was charged $0.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively, by Cantor for the cash or other collateral posted by Cantor on BGC’s behalf. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was charged $1.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively, by Cantor for the cash or other collateral posted by Cantor on BGC’s behalf. Cantor had not requested any cash or other property from the Company as collateral as of September 30, 2023.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Our liquidity and available cash resources are restricted by regulatory requirements applicable to our operating subsidiaries. Many of these regulators, including U.S. and non-U.S. government agencies and self-regulatory organizations, as well as state securities commissions in the U.S., are empowered to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in civil and criminal judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions, enhanced oversight, remediation, or other relief.
In addition, self-regulatory organizations, such as the FINRA and the NFA, along with statutory bodies such as the FCA, the SEC, and the CFTC require strict compliance with their rules and regulations. The requirements imposed by regulators are designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to protect customers and other third parties who deal with broker-dealers and are not designed to specifically protect stockholders. These regulations often serve to limit our activities, including through net capital, customer protection and market conduct requirements.
The final phase of Basel III (unofficially called “Basel IV”) is a global prudential regulatory standard designed to make banks more resilient and increase confidence in the banking system. Its wide scope includes reviewing market, credit and operational risk along with targeted changes to leverage ratios. Basel IV includes updates to the calculation of bank capital requirements with the aim of making outcomes more comparable across banks globally.
The FCA is the relevant statutory regulator in the U.K. The FCA’s objectives are to protect customers, maintain the stability of the financial services industry and promote competition between financial services providers. It has broad rule-making, investigative and enforcement powers derived from the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and subsequent derivative legislation and regulations.
In January 2022, the FCA introduced a new Internal Capital and Risk Assessment (ICARA) process as a replacement for the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP). The ICARA process incorporates business model assessment, forecasting and stress testing, recovery planning and wind-down planning. All firms were required to submit their proposed ICARA documentation by March 31, 2023, after which the FCA will provide feedback that may require further documentation and may lead to a change in capital requirements. The adoption of these proposed rules could restrict the ability of our large bank and broker-dealer customers to operate trading businesses and to maintain current capital market exposures under the present structure of their balance sheets, and will cause these entities to need to raise additional capital in order to stay active in our marketplaces.
In July 2023, the FCA further ensured that Consumer duty is at the heart of every financial institution by rolling our Principle 12 specifically related to Consumer Duty, where a firm must act to deliver good outcomes for retail customers. This initiative is poised to redefine the relationship between consumers and financial institutions, where the FCA has demanded financial institutions foster a culture of trust, transparency, and accountability. Under Consumer Duty, the onus has shifted to financial institutions to prioritize their customers’ best interest in every consideration made by the financial institution (the entire customer life cycle) including demonstration and evidence that the product/service/action is in the best interest of the customer. Although not immediately applicable to our business as we do not conduct business directly with the retail section, we are conscious of the impact that this will have on underlying clients who have obligations to fulfil. In so doing, they may require our firm to provide additional reporting in order to help them evidence their obligations.
In addition, the majority of our other foreign subsidiaries are subject to similar regulation by the relevant authorities in the countries in which they do business. Certain other of our foreign subsidiaries are required to maintain non-U.S. net capital
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requirements. For example, in Hong Kong, BGC Securities (Hong Kong), LLC, GFI (HK) Securities LLC and Sunrise Brokers (Hong Kong) Limited are regulated by the Securities and Futures Commission. BGC Capital Markets (Hong Kong), Limited and GFI (HK) Brokers Ltd are regulated by The Hong Kong Monetary Authority. All are subject to Hong Kong net capital requirements. In France, Aurel BGC and BGC France Holdings; in Australia, BGC Partners (Australia) Pty Limited and Fixed Income Solutions Pty Limited. In Japan, BGC Shoken Kaisha Limited’s Tokyo branch; in Singapore, BGC Partners (Singapore) Limited, GFI Group Pte Ltd and Ginga Global Markets Pte Ltd; in Korea, BGC Capital Markets & Foreign Exchange Broker (Korea) Limited and GFI Korea Money Brokerage Limited; in the Philippines, GFI Group (Philippines) Inc. and in Brazil, BGC Liquidez Distribuidora De Titulos E Valores Mobiliarios Ltda., all have net capital requirements imposed upon them by local regulators.
These subsidiaries may also be prohibited from repaying the borrowings of their parents or affiliates, paying cash dividends, making loans to their parent or affiliates or otherwise entering into transactions, in each case, which result in a significant reduction in their regulatory capital position without prior notification or approval from their principal regulator. See Note 21—“Regulatory Requirements” to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details on our regulatory requirements.
As of September 30, 2023, $703.1 million of net capital were held by regulated subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2023, these subsidiaries had aggregate regulatory net capital, as defined, in excess of the aggregate regulatory requirements, as defined, of $372.5 million.
In April 2013, the Board and Audit Committee authorized management to enter into indemnification agreements with Cantor and its affiliates with respect to the provision of any guarantees provided by Cantor and its affiliates from time to time as required by regulators. These services may be provided from time to time at a reasonable and customary fee. In 2020, the introducing broker guarantees were moved from CF&Co to Mint Brokers for the firm’s stand alone and foreign NFA registered introducing brokers.
BGC Derivative Markets and GFI Swaps Exchange, our subsidiaries, operate as SEFs. Mandatory Dodd-Frank Act compliant execution on SEFs by eligible U.S. persons commenced in February 2014 for “made available to trade” products, and a wide range of other rules relating to the execution and clearing of derivative products were finalized with implementation periods in 2016 and beyond. We completed the purchase of the Futures Exchange Group from Cantor, which represents our futures exchange and related clearinghouse. As these rules require authorized execution facilities to maintain robust front-end and back-office IT capabilities and to make large and ongoing technology investments, and because these execution facilities may be supported by a variety of voice and auction-based execution methodologies, we expect our Hybrid and Fully Electronic trading capability to perform strongly in such an environment.
Much of our global derivatives volumes continue to be executed by non-U.S. based clients outside the U.S. and subject to local prudential regulations. As such, we will continue to operate a number of European regulated venues in accordance with EU or U.K. legislation and licensed by the FCA or EU-based national supervisors. These venues are also operated for non-derivative instruments for these clients. MiFID II was published by the European Securities and Markets Authority in September 2015, and implemented in January 2018 and introduced important infrastructural changes.
MiFID II requires a significant part of the market in these instruments to trade on trading venues subject to transparency regimes, not only in pre- and post-trade prices, but also in fee structures and access. In addition, it has impacted a number of key areas, including corporate governance, transaction reporting, pre- and post-trade transparency, technology synchronization, best execution and investor protection.
MiFID II was intended to help improve the functioning of the EU single market by achieving a greater consistency of regulatory standards. By design, therefore, it was intended that EU member states should have very similar regulatory regimes in relation to the matters addressed to MiFID. MiFID II has also introduced a new regulated execution venue category called an OTF that captures much of the Voice-and Hybrid-oriented trading in the EU. Much of our EU derivatives and fixed income execution business now takes place on OTFs. Further to its decision to leave the EU, the U.K. has implemented MIFID II’s requirements into its own domestic legislation. Brexit may impact future market structures and MiFID II rulemaking and implementation due to potential changes in mutual passporting and equivalence arrangements between the U.K. and EU member states (for further information see “Overview and Business Environment—Brexit” herein).
In addition, the GDPR came into effect in the EU on May 25, 2018 (with the equivalent in the U.K.) and creates new compliance obligations in relation to personal data. The GDPR may affect our practices, and will increase financial penalties for non-compliance significantly.
Apart from some minor non-material changes, at this time there has not been any legislation from the EU Commission or the U.K. Government that has materially changed how the U.K. and EU approach financial regulation since MiFID II and the implementation of Brexit. Although divergence of U.K. regulation from EU regulation may occur, there has been no firm legislative change signaled or published by the FCA or the U.K. Government. While we generally believe the net impact of the
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rules and regulations are positive for our business, it is possible that unintended consequences of the rules and regulations may materially adversely affect us in ways yet to be determined.
See “Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for additional information related to our regulatory environment.
EQUITY
Class A Common Stock
Changes in shares of BGC Class A common stock outstanding were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Shares outstanding at beginning of period351,978 324,087 325,858 317,023 
Share issuances:
Redemptions/exchanges of limited partnership interests and contingent share obligations¹346 11,940 30,572 23,654 
Vesting of RSUs6,145 451 8,775 3,022 
Acquisitions414 — 4,566 1,186 
Other issuances of BGC Class A common stock461 98 472 441 
Restricted stock awards2
38,610 — 38,610 — 
Restricted stock forfeitures— (43)(239)(48)
Treasury stock repurchases(8,087)(12,397)(18,747)(21,142)
Shares outstanding at end of period389,867 324,136 389,867 324,136 
____________________________
1Contingent share obligations includes shares of BGC Class A common stock issued to terminated employees per their respective separation agreements. Included in redemptions/exchanges of limited partnership interests and contingent share obligations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are 0.2 million shares of BGC Class A common stock granted in connection with 0.2 million contingent share obligations, and 5.8 million shares of BGC Class A common stock granted in connection with the cancellation of 6.0 million LPUs, respectively. Included in redemptions/exchanges of limited partnership interests and contingent share obligations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are 20.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock granted in connection with the cancellation of 26.4 million LPUs and 0.2 million contingent share obligations, and 13.7 million shares of BGC Class A common stock granted in connection with the cancellation of 14.1 million LPUs, respectively. Because LPUs are included in the Company’s fully diluted share count, if dilutive, redemptions/exchanges and contingent share obligations in connection with the issuance of BGC Class A common stock would not impact the fully diluted number of shares outstanding.
2Included in restricted stock issuance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are 26.6 million restricted shares which do not receive dividends until vested and contingent conditions are met. These restricted shares do have voting rights.
Class B Common Stock
The Company issued 64.0 million shares of BGC Class B common stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the Corporate Conversion. Following the Corporate Conversion, Cantor satisfied its obligation to its holders of April 2008 distribution rights shares and February 2012 distribution rights shares which resulted in a 0.4 million reduction in Class B Shares. The Company did not issue any shares of BGC Class B common stock during 2022. There were 109.5 million and 45.9 million shares of BGC Class B common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Unit Redemptions and Share Repurchase Program
The Company’s Board and Audit Committee have authorized repurchases of BGC Class A common stock and redemptions of limited partnership interests or other equity interests in the Company’s subsidiaries. On November 4, 2022, the Board and Audit Committee increased the BGC Partners share repurchase and unit redemption authorization to $400.0 million, which may include purchases from Cantor, its partners or employees or other affiliated persons or entities. On July 3, 2023, the BGC Group Board approved BGC Group’s share repurchase authorization in an amount up to $400.0 million. As of
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September 30, 2023, the Company had $359.7 million remaining from its share repurchase and unit redemption authorization. From time to time, the Company may actively continue to repurchase shares.
The tables below represent the units redeemed and/or shares repurchased for cash and do not include units redeemed/cancelled in connection with the grant of shares of BGC Class A common stock nor the limited partnership interests exchanged for shares of BGC Class A common stock. The gross unit redemptions and share repurchases of BGC Class A common stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands, except for weighted-average price data):
PeriodTotal Number
of Units
Redeemed
or Shares
Repurchased		Weighted-Average Price
Paid per Unit
or Share
Approximate
Dollar Value
of Units and
Shares That Could Be Redeemed/
Purchased
Under the Program at September 30, 2023
Redemptions1
January 1, 2023—March 31, 202323 $3.90 
April 1, 2023—June 30, 2023422 4.91 
July 1, 2023—September 30, 2023— — 
Total Redemptions445 $4.85 
Repurchases2,3
January 1, 2023—March 31, 2023846 $4.97 
April 1, 2023—June 30, 20239,814 $4.44 
July 1, 2023—July 31, 20233,000 4.68 
August 1, 2023—August 31, 20231,612 5.01 
September 1, 2023—September 30, 20233,474 5.24 
Total Repurchases18,746 $4.70 
Total Redemptions and Repurchases19,191 $4.70 $359,656 
___________________________
1During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company redeemed 0.3 million LPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $1.4 million for a weighted-average price of $4.71 per unit. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company redeemed 0.2 million FPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $0.8 million for a weighted-average price of $5.11 per unit. The table above does not include units redeemed/cancelled in connection with the grant of 20.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, nor the limited partnership interests exchanged for 13.5 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
2During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 8.1 million shares of BGC Class A common stock at an aggregate price of $40.3 million for a weighted-average price of $4.99 per share.
3During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 18.7 million shares of BGC Class A common stock at an aggregate price of $88.1 million for a weighted-average price of $4.70 per share.

The gross unit redemptions and share repurchases of BGC Class A common stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands, except for weighted-average price data):
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PeriodTotal Number
of Units
Redeemed
or Shares
Repurchased		Weighted-Average Price
Paid per Unit
or Share
Approximate
Dollar Value
of Units and
Shares That Could Be Redeemed/
Purchased
Under the Program at September 30, 2022
Redemptions1,2
January 1, 2022—March 31, 202243 $4.01 
April 1, 2022—June 30, 20221,010 3.81 
July 1, 2022—September 30, 2022214 3.91 
Total Redemptions1,267 $3.83 
Repurchases3,4
January 1, 2022—March 31, 2022— $— 
April 1, 2022—June 30, 20228,745 3.36 
July 1, 2022—July 31, 20223,033 3.70 
August 1, 2022—August 31, 20225,916 4.14 
September 1, 2022—September 30, 20223,448 4.11 
Total Repurchases21,142 $3.75 
Total Redemptions and Repurchases22,409 $3.76 $107,655 
____________________________
1During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company redeemed 0.2 million LPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $0.8 million for a weighted-average price of $4.05 per unit. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company redeemed 27 thousand FPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $0.1 million for a weighted-average price of $2.96 per unit. The table above does not include units redeemed/cancelled in connection with the grant of 5.8 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2022, nor the limited partnership interests exchanged for 6.1 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
2During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company redeemed $1.2 million LPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $4.5 million for a weighted-average price of 3.88 per unit. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company redeemed 0.1 million FPUs at an aggregate redemption price of $0.3 million for a weighted-average price of 3.23 per unit. The table above does not include units redeemed/cancelled in connection with the grant of 13.7 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, nor the limited partnership interests exchanged for 10.6 million shares of BGC Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
3During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 12.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock at an aggregate price of $49.9 million for a weighted-average price of $4.03 per share.
4During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 21.1 million shares of BGC Class A common stock at an aggregate price of $79.3 million for a weighted-average price of $3.75 per share.


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The weighted-average share counts, including securities that were anti-dilutive for our earnings per share calculations, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Common stock outstanding1
468,544 
RSUs and restricted stock (Treasury stock method)2
12,572 
Other9,001 
Total
490,117 
______________________________
1Common stock consisted of shares of BGC Class A common stock, shares of BGC Class B common stock and contingent shares of our Class A common stock for which all necessary conditions have been satisfied except for the passage of time. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the weighted-average number of shares of BGC Class A common stock was 358.1 million and shares of BGC Class B common stock was 109.5 million.
2For the three months ended September 30, 2023, 12.6 million of potentially dilutive securities were not included in the computation of fully diluted EPS because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive securities for the three months ended September 30, 2023, included $9.6 million participating RSUs and $3.0 million participating restricted shares of BGC Class A common stock. Also as of September 30, 2023, 62.5 million shares of contingent BGC Class A common stock, non-participating RSUs, and non-participating restricted shares of BGC Class A common stock were excluded from fully diluted EPS computations because the conditions for issuance had not been met by the end of the period. The contingent BGC Class A common stock is recorded as a liability and included in “Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities” in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2023.
Exchange Agreement
On June 5, 2015, we entered into the Exchange Agreement with Cantor providing Cantor, CFGM and other Cantor affiliates entitled to hold BGC Class B common stock the right to exchange BGC Class A common stock into shares of BGC Class B common stock from time to time, on a one-to-one basis, subject to adjustment. As of September 30, 2023, Cantor and CFGM did not own any shares of BGC Class A common stock. In connection with the Corporate Conversion on July 1, 2023, the Exchange Agreement with Cantor terminated based on its own terms.
Amendments to the BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement
The following discussion of the BGC Holdings limited partnership agreement discusses the limited partnership agreement as it was in effect prior to the Corporate Conversion that was completed on July 1, 2023. For more information regarding the completion of the Corporate Conversion, see “Corporate Conversion” herein, and Note 1—“Organization and Basis of Presentation” to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
On November 4, 2015, partners of BGC Holdings created five classes of non-distributing partnership units. These N Units carry the same name as the underlying unit with the insertion of an additional “N” to designate them as the N Unit type and are designated as NREUs, NPREUs, NLPUs, NPLPUs and NPPSUs. The N Units were not entitled to participate in partnership distributions, were not allocated any items of profit or loss and could not be made exchangeable into shares of BGC Class A common stock.
Subject to the approval of the Compensation Committee or its designee, certain N Units could be converted into the underlying unit type (i.e., an NREU will be converted into an REU) and would then participate in partnership distributions, subject to terms and conditions determined by the general partner of BGC Holdings in its sole discretion, including that the recipient continue to provide substantial services to the Company and comply with his or her partnership obligations. Such N Units were not included in the fully diluted share count.
On December 14, 2016, partners of BGC Holdings amended certain terms and conditions of the partnership’s N Units in order to provide flexibility to the Company and the Partnership in using such N Units in connection with compensation arrangements and practices. The amendment provides for a minimum $5 million gross revenue requirement in a given quarter as a condition for an N Unit to be replaced by another type of partnership unit in accordance with the BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement and the grant documentation. The amendment was approved by the Audit Committee.
On December 13, 2017, the Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement was amended and restated a second time to include prior standalone amendments and to make certain other changes related to the Separation. The Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement, among other things, reflects changes resulting from the division in the Separation of BGC Holdings into BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings, including:
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•an apportionment of the existing economic attributes (including, among others, capital accounts and post-termination payments) of each BGC Holdings limited partnership interests outstanding immediately prior to the Separation between such Legacy BGC Holdings Unit and the fraction of a Newmark Holdings LPU issued in the Separation in respect of such Legacy BGC Holdings Unit, based on the relative value of BGC and Newmark as of after the Newmark IPO;
•an adjustment of the exchange mechanism between the Newmark IPO and the Distribution so that one exchangeable BGC Holdings unit together with a number of exchangeable Newmark Holdings units equal to 0.4545 divided by the Newmark Holdings Exchange Ratio as of such time, must be exchanged in order to receive one share of BGC Class A common stock; and
•a right of the employer of a partner (whether it be Newmark or BGC) to determine whether to grant exchangeability with respect to Legacy BGC Holdings Units or Legacy Newmark Holdings Units held by such partner.
The Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement also removed certain classes of BGC Holdings units that were no longer outstanding, and permits the general partner of BGC Holdings to determine the total number of authorized BGC Holdings units. The Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement was approved by the Audit Committee.
On March 10, 2023, BGC Holdings entered into the LPA Amendment. The LPA Amendment revises certain restrictive covenants pertaining to the “Partner Obligations” and “Competitive Activity” provisions in the Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement. Specifically, the LPA Amendment (i) reduces the length of the post-termination period during which a partner must refrain from soliciting or doing business with customers, soliciting employees, engaging in a “Competing Business,” or otherwise refraining from harming the partnership; and (ii) revises the scope of the non-compete under the “Partner Obligations” and “Competitive Activity” provisions in the Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement to cover “Competing Businesses” (as defined therein) for which a partner performed the same or similar services and (a) involving a product, product line or type, or service of a “Protected Affiliate” (as defined therein) within a specific geographic area, (b) involving a “Client” or a “Client Representative” (each as defined therein) of a Protected Affiliate, or (c) for which the likely disclosure of confidential information is inevitable. The LPA Amendment was approved by our Board of Directors and Audit and Compensation Committees.
Upon completion of the Corporate Conversion, on July 1, 2023, there were no units of BGC Holdings outstanding, and the BGC Holdings limited partnership agreement was terminated.
Registration Statements
On March 8, 2021, BGC filed the March 2021 Form S-3 with respect to the issuance and sale of up to an aggregate of $300.0 million shares of BGC Class A common stock from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis. On August 3, 2022, the March 2021 Form S-3 was declared effective by the SEC, and BGC entered into the August 2022 Sales Agreement on August 12, 2022. On July 3, 2023, in connection with the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group filed a post-effective amendment to the March 2021 Form S-3, pursuant to which it adopted the March 2021 Form S-3 as its own registration statement. Also on July 3, 2023, BGC Group assumed the August 2022 Sales Agreement, as amended and restated to replace references to BGC Partners with references to BGC Group and to make other ministerial changes. We may sell up to an aggregate of $300.0 million of shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the terms of the July 2023 Sales Agreement. Under this Sales Agreement, we agreed to pay CF&Co 2% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares. CF&Co is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cantor and an affiliate of BGC. For additional information on our CEO Program sales agreement, see Note 13—“Related Party Transactions” to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
We intend to use the net proceeds of any shares of BGC Class A common stock sold for general corporate purposes, including for potential acquisitions, repurchases of shares of BGC Class A common stock from executive officers and other employees of ours or our subsidiaries and of Cantor and its affiliates. Prior to the Corporate Conversion, we also used the net proceeds for redemption of LPUs and FPUs in BGC Holdings. Certain of such executive officers and other employees of ours or our subsidiaries and of Cantor and its affiliates will be expected to use the proceeds from such sales to repay outstanding loans issued by, or credit enhanced by, Cantor, or BGC.
On September 3, 2010, BGC Partners filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 with respect to the offer and sale of up to 20 million shares of BGC Class A common stock from time to time in connection with business combination transactions, including acquisitions of other businesses, assets, properties or securities. As of September 30, 2023, BGC had issued all 20.0 million shares of BGC Class A common stock under this registration statement.
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On September 13, 2019, BGC filed the 2019 S-4 Registration Statement, with respect to the offer and sale of up to 20 million shares of BGC Class A common stock from time to time in connection with business combination transactions, including acquisitions of other businesses, assets, properties or securities. On July 3, 2023, in connection with the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group filed a post-effective amendment to the 2019 S-4 Registration Statement, pursuant to which it adopted the 2019 S-4 Registration Statement as its own registration statement. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had issued an aggregate of 2.3 million shares of BGC Class A common stock under the 2019 Form S-4 Registration Statement.
On June 24, 2011, BGC filed a DRIP Registration Statement, with respect to the offer and sale of up to 10 million shares of BGC Class A common stock under the BGC Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan. On July 3, 2023, in connection with the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group filed a post-effective amendment to the DRIP Registration Statement, pursuant to which it adopted the DRIP Registration Statement as its own registration statement. Also in connection with the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group assumed and adopted the BGC Partners Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan, as amended and restated as the BGC Group, Inc. Amended and Restated Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had issued 0.8 million shares of BGC Class A common stock under the Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan.
The Compensation Committee may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock such as RSUs, bonus stock, performance awards, dividend equivalents and other equity-based awards, including, prior to the closing of the Corporate
Conversion, to provide exchange rights for shares of BGC Class A common stock upon exchange of LPUs. On November 22, 2021, at BGC Partners’ Annual Meeting of Stockholders, BGC Partners’ stockholders approved amendments to the BGC Partners Equity Plan to increase from 400 million to 500 million the aggregate number of shares of BGC Class A common stock that may be delivered or cash-settled pursuant to awards granted during the life of the BGC Partners Equity Plan, subject to adjustment, and to remove the annual per-participant limit of 15 million awards that may be granted under the BGC Partners Plan. The BGC Partners Equity Plan was assumed by BGC Group pursuant to the Corporate Conversion, as amended and restated as the BGC Group Equity Plan, and provides for a maximum of 600 million shares of BGC Class A common stock that may be delivered or cash settled pursuant to the exercise or settlement of awards granted under the BGC Group Equity Plan. On July 3, 2023, in connection with the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group filed a Registration Statement on Form S-8 for the BGC Group Equity Plan, registering the offer and sale of up to 600 million shares of BGC Class A common stock. As of September 30, 2023, the limit on the aggregate number of shares authorized to be delivered under the BGC Group Equity Plan allowed for the grant of future awards relating to 487.3 million shares of BGC Class A common stock.
CONTINGENT PAYMENTS RELATED TO ACQUISITIONS
Since 2016, the Company has completed acquisitions whose purchase price included an aggregate of approximately 2.2 million shares of the BGC Class A common stock (with an acquisition date fair value of approximately $9.2 million), 0.5 million shares of the restricted BGC Class A common stock (with an acquisition date fair value of approximately $1.7 million), 0.1 million LPUs (with an acquisition date fair value of approximately $0.2 million), 0.2 million RSUs (with an acquisition date fair value of approximately $1.2 million) and $40.4 million in cash that may be issued contingent on certain targets being met through 2027.
As of September 30, 2023, the Company has issued 1.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock, 0.2 million of RSUs and paid $53.4 million in cash related to such contingent payments.
As of September 30, 2023, 0.8 million shares of BGC Class A common stock, including contingent shares for which all necessary conditions have been satisfied except for the passage of time and are included in our computation of basic EPS, 0.2 million shares of restricted BGC Class A common stock, and $1.6 million in cash remain to be issued if the targets are met, net of forfeitures and other adjustments.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On August 10, 2023, the shareholder derivative suit concerning our 2017 acquisition of Berkeley Point Financial (as described below) was fully and finally decided in favor of the defendants, with the Delaware Chancery Court issuing a post-trial decision denying the plaintiffs’ causes of action and finding that the transaction was entirely fair to our shareholders and the Delaware Supreme Court affirming that result.
On October 5, 2018 Roofers Local 149 Pension Fund filed a putative derivative complaint in the Delaware Chancery Court, captioned Roofers Local 149 Pension Fund vs. Howard Lutnick, et al. (Case No. 2018-0722), alleging breaches of fiduciary duty against (i) the members of the Board, (ii) Howard Lutnick, CFGM, and Cantor as controlling stockholders of BGC, and (iii) Howard Lutnick as an officer of BGC. The complaint challenges the transactions by which BGC (i) completed the Berkeley Point acquisition from CCRE for $875 million and (ii) committed to invest $100 million for a 27% interest in Real Estate, L.P. (collectively, the “Transaction”). Among other things, the complaint alleges that (i) the price BGC paid in
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connection with the Transaction was unfair, (ii) the process leading up to the Transaction was unfair, and (iii) the members of the special committee of the Board were not independent. It seeks to recover for the Company unquantified damages, as well as attorneys’ fees.
A month later, on November 5, 2018, the same plaintiffs’ firm filed an identical putative derivative complaint against the same defendants seeking the same relief on behalf of a second client, Northern California Pipe Trades Trust Funds. The cases were consolidated into a single action, captioned In re BGC Partners, Inc. Derivative Litigation (Consolidated C.A. No. 2018-0722-AGB), and the complaint filed by Roofers Local 149 Pension Fund on October 5, 2018 was designated as the operative complaint.
A trial was held before Vice Chancellor Lori Will on October 11, 2021, which concluded on October 15, 2021. Following the close of the hearing, the parties submitted post-trial briefing and presented oral argument on March 2, 2022. On April 14, 2022, the Court requested limited additional briefing, which the parties submitted on May 13, 2022.
On August 19, 2022, the Court issued a post-trial memorandum opinion in favor of BGC, its directors, and controlling shareholders, ruling that the Transaction was entirely fair to BGC’s shareholders with respect to both process and price. The Court found that “Berkeley Point was, by all accounts, a unique asset particularly appealing to BGC” and that the price negotiated by BGC’s Special Committee and agreed to by Cantor was at the “lower end” of a range of reasonable prices. The Court further found the Special Committee was “independent, fully empowered, and well-functioning.” Final judgment in the case was entered for the defendants and against the plaintiffs on September 27, 2022. The same day, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal, seeking reversal of the memorandum opinion and final judgment. Following briefing, oral argument took place before the Delaware Supreme Court on May 24, 2023.
On August 10, 2023, the Delaware Supreme Court issued an Order affirming the trial court’s decision “on the basis of and for the reasons stated” in the August 19, 2022 opinion, concluding the litigation.
On March 9, 2023, a purported class action complaint was filed against Cantor, BGC Holdings, and Newmark Holdings in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (Civil Action No. 1:23-cv-00265). The collective action, which was filed by seven former limited partners of the defendants on their own behalf and on behalf of other similarly situated limited partners, alleges a claim for breach of contract against all defendants on the basis that the defendants failed to make payments due under the relevant partnership agreements. Specifically, the plaintiffs allege that the non-compete and economic forfeiture provisions upon which the defendants relied to deny payment are unenforceable under Delaware law. The plaintiffs allege a second claim against Cantor and BGC Holdings for antitrust violations under the Sherman Act on the basis that the Cantor and BGC Holdings partnership agreements constitute unreasonable restraints of trade. In that regard, the plaintiffs allege that the non-compete and economic forfeiture provisions of the Cantor and BGC Holdings partnership agreements, as well as restrictive covenants included in partner separation agreements, cause anticompetitive effects in the labor market, insulate Cantor and BGC Holdings from competition, and limit innovation. The plaintiffs seek a determination that the case may be maintained as a class action, an injunction prohibiting the allegedly anticompetitive conduct, and monetary damages of at least $5.0 million. The Company believes the lawsuit has no merit. However, as with any litigation, the outcome cannot be determined with certainty.
CANTOR PURCHASE OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS
Cantor had the right to purchase Cantor units from BGC Holdings upon redemption of non-exchangeable FPUs redeemed by BGC Holdings upon termination or bankruptcy of the Founding/Working Partner. In addition, pursuant to Article Eight, Section 8.08 of the Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement, where either current, terminating, or terminated partners are permitted by the Company to exchange any portion of their FPUs and Cantor consents to such exchangeability, the Company shall offer to Cantor the opportunity for Cantor to purchase the same number of Cantor units in BGC Holdings at the price that Cantor would have paid for Cantor units had the Company redeemed the FPUs. If Cantor acquires any Cantor units as a result of the purchase or redemption by BGC Holdings of any FPUs, Cantor will be entitled to the benefits (including distributions) of such units it acquires from the date of termination or bankruptcy of the applicable Founding/Working Partner.
On May 17, 2022, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate 427,494 Cantor units for aggregate consideration of $841,010 as a result of the redemption of 427,494 FPUs, and 52,681 Cantor units for aggregate consideration of $105,867 as a result of the exchange of 52,681 FPUs.
On October 25, 2022, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate of 275,833 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $397,196 as a result of the redemption of 275,833 FPUs, and 77,507 Cantor units for aggregate consideration of $142,613 as a result of the exchange of 77,507 FPUs.
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On April 16, 2023, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate of 533,757 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $1,051,080 as a result of the redemption of 533,757 FPUs, and 85,775 Cantor units for aggregate consideration of $173,154 as a result of the exchange of 85,775 FPUs.
On June 30, 2023, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate of 5,425,209 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $9,715,772 as a result of the redemption of 5,425,209 FPUs, and 324,223 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $598,712 as a result of the exchange of 324,223 FPUs.
As of June 30, 2023, there were no FPUs in BGC Holdings remaining.
GUARANTEE AGREEMENT FROM MINT BROKERS
Under rules adopted by the CFTC, all foreign introducing brokers engaging in transactions with U.S. persons are required to register with the NFA and either meet financial reporting and net capital requirements on an individual basis or obtain a guarantee agreement from a registered Futures Commission Merchant. Our European-based brokers engage from time to time in interest rate swap transactions with U.S.-based counterparties, and therefore we are subject to the CFTC requirements. Mint Brokers has entered into guarantees on our behalf (and on behalf of GFI), and we are required to indemnify Mint Brokers for the amounts, if any, paid by Mint Brokers on our behalf pursuant to this arrangement. Effective April 1, 2020, these guarantees were transferred to Mint Brokers from CF&Co.
DEBT REPURCHASE PROGRAM
On June 11, 2020, BGC Partners’ Board of Directors and its Audit Committee authorized a debt repurchase program for the repurchase by BGC Partners of up to $50.0 million of Company Debt Securities. Repurchases of Company Debt Securities, if any, are expected to reduce future cash interest payments, as well as future amounts due at maturity or upon redemption.
Under the authorization, BGC Partners could make repurchases of Company Debt Securities for cash from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions upon such terms and at such prices as management determined. Additionally, the Company was authorized to make any such repurchases of Company Debt Securities through CF&Co (or its affiliates), in its capacity as agent or principal, or such other broker-dealers as management determined to utilize from time to time, and such repurchases would be subject to brokerage commissions which are no higher than standard market commission rates.
On July 1, 2023, in connection with the Corporate Conversion, the BGC Group Board authorized a debt repurchase program for the repurchase by BGC Group of up to $50.0 million of Company Debt Securities on the same terms as BGC Partners’ prior debt repurchase program. As of September 30, 2023, BGC had $50.0 million remaining from its debt repurchase authorization.
EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS
The Company was authorized to enter into loans, investments or other credit support arrangements for Aqua; such arrangements are proportionally and on the same terms as similar arrangements between Aqua and Cantor. On February 15, 2022 and February 25, 2021, the Company’s Board and Audit Committee increased the authorized amount by an additional $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively, to an aggregate of $21.2 million. The Company has been further authorized to provide counterparty or similar guarantees on behalf of Aqua from time to time, provided that liability for any such guarantees, as well as similar guarantees provided by Cantor, would be shared proportionally with Cantor (see Note 13—“Related Party Transactions,” to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information).
SHARE REPURCHASES, UNIT REDEMPTIONS AND EXCHANGES, AND EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS—EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
On September 21, 2023, Mr. Windeatt sold 474,808 shares of Class A common stock, to the Company in an exempt transaction made pursuant to Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act. The sale price per share of $5.29 was the closing price of a share of Class A common stock on September 21, 2023. The transaction was approved by the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Board and was made pursuant to the Company’s stock buyback authorization.
On April 1, 2021, the Compensation Committee granted Mr. Windeatt 128,279 non-exchangeable limited partnership interests of BGC Holdings, and on April 1, 2023, such non-exchangeable limited partnership interests became immediately exchangeable for an aggregate of 128,279 shares of Class A common stock. On June 8, 2023, the Company repurchased all of
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such 128,279 exchangeable limited partnership interests held by Mr. Windeatt at a price of $4.79, the closing price of a share of Class A common stock on June 8, 2023. This repurchase was approved by the Compensation Committee of BGC Partners.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion, on June 2, 2023 Mr. Merkel sold 150,000 shares of Class A common stock to BGC Partners at $4.21 per share, the closing price of a share of Class A common stock on June 2, 2023. The transaction was approved by the Audit and Compensation Committees of the Board of BGC Partners and was made pursuant to BGC Partners’ stock buyback authorization.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion, on May 18, 2023, the BGC Partners Compensation Committee approved the redemption of all of the non-exchangeable BGC Holdings units held by Mr. Stephen Merkel at that time. On May 18, 2023, Mr. Merkel’s 148,146 NPSU-CVs, 33,585 PSU-CVs, and 74,896 PSUs were redeemed for zero and an aggregate of 256,627 shares of Class A common stock were granted to Mr. Merkel, and 148,146 NPPSU-CVs with a total determination amount of $681,250 and 33,585 PPSU-CVs with a total determination amount of $162,500 were redeemed for an aggregate cash payment of $843,750. After deduction of shares of BGC Class A common stock to satisfy applicable tax withholding through the surrender of shares of BGC Class A common stock valued at $4.61 per share, Mr. Merkel received 196,525 net shares of Class A common stock.
Since Mr. Lutnick had previously repeatedly waived his rights under the standing policy, as of May 18, 2023 his rights had accumulated for 7,879,736 non-exchangeable PSUs, and 103,763 non-exchangeable PPSUs with a determination amount of $474,195. Due to the May 18, 2023 monetization of all of Mr. Merkel’s then-remaining non-exchangeable BGC Holdings units, on such date Mr. Lutnick received additional incremental monetization rights for his then-remaining 3,452,991 non-exchangeable PSUs, and 1,348,042 non-exchangeable PPSUs with a determination amount of $6,175,805.
In connection with the Corporate Conversion and, as a result of the monetization event for Mr. Merkel, on May 18, 2023 Mr. Lutnick elected to exercise in full his monetization rights under the standing policy, which he had previously waived in prior years. All of the non-exchangeable BGC Holdings units that Mr. Lutnick held at that time were monetized as follows: 11,332,727 PSUs were redeemed for zero and 11,332,727 shares of Class A common stock were granted to Mr. Lutnick, and 1,451,805 PPSUs with an aggregate determination amount of $6,650,000 were redeemed for an aggregate cash payment of $6,650,000. After deduction of applicable tax withholding through the surrender of shares of BGC Class A common stock valued at $4.61 per share, Mr. Lutnick received 5,710,534 net shares of Class A common stock.
On May 18, 2023, Mr. Lutnick also exchanged his then-remaining 520,380 exchangeable PSUs for 520,380 shares of Class A common stock. After deduction of applicable tax withholding through the surrender of shares of BGC Class A common stock valued at $4.61 per share, Mr. Lutnick received 232,610 net shares of Class A common stock. In addition, on May 18, 2023, Mr. Lutnick’s then-remaining 1,474,930 non-exchangeable HDUs were redeemed for a cash capital account payment of $9,148,000, $2.1 million of which was paid by BGC with the remainder paid by Newmark Group, Inc. As a result of the various transactions on May 18, 2023 described above, on May 18, 2023, Mr. Lutnick no longer held any limited partnership units of BGC Holdings.
On April 18, 2023, the Dr. Bell sold 21,786 shares of Class A common stock to the Company. The sale price per share of $4.59 was the closing price of a share of Class A common stock on April 18, 2023. The transaction was approved by the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Board and was made pursuant to the Company’s stock buyback authorization.
On March 14, 2022, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of exchange rights to Mr. Windeatt with respect to 135,514 non-exchangeable BGC Holdings LPU-NEWs and 27,826 non-exchangeable PLPU-NEWs (at the average determination price of $4.84 per unit). On August 11, 2022, the Company repurchased 135,514 exchangeable BGC Holdings LPU-NEWs held by Mr. Windeatt at the price of $4.08 per unit, which was the closing price of the BGC Class A common stock on August 11, 2022, and redeemed 27,826 exchangeable PLPU-NEWs held by Mr. Windeatt for $134,678, less applicable taxes and withholdings.
Mr. Windeatt 2023 Deed of Amendment
On July 12, 2023, Mr. Windeatt executed the 2023 Deed of Amendment with the U.K. Partnership which amends his prior executed Deed of Adherence with the U.K. Partnership regarding the terms of his employment. Under the 2023 Deed of Amendment, the initial period of Mr. Windeatt’s membership in the U.K. Partnership was extended from September 30, 2025 to December 31, 2028. In addition, under the 2023 Deed of Amendment, commencing January 1, 2027, either party may terminate the Deed by giving written notice to the other party at least 24 months prior to the expiration of the initial period. Mr. Windeatt’s membership, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of the Deed, will continue following December 31, 2028 on the same terms and conditions set forth in the Deed until written notice to terminate is provided and the 24 month notice period expires.
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Pursuant to the 2023 Deed of Amendment, Mr. Windeatt is also entitled to an increase in drawings from an aggregate amount of £600,000 per year to an aggregate amount of £700,000 per year effective January 1, 2023, which shall be reviewed by the Compensation Committee annually. Mr. Windeatt is also eligible for additional allocations of the U.K. Partnership’s profits, subject to the approval of the Compensation Committee.
In connection and in consideration for Mr. Windeatt’s execution of the 2023 Deed of Amendment, on July 10, 2023 the Company approved accelerating the vesting of 720,509 of the Company’s RSUs held by Mr. Windeatt (calculated based upon the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on July 10, 2023 which was $4.45) and the vesting of $780,333 of the RSU Tax Account held by Mr. Windeatt. Such RSUs and RSU Tax Account amount vested on July 12, 2023, and the total value of this transaction was approximately $3,986,600.
MARKET SUMMARY
The following table provides certain volume and transaction count information for the quarterly periods indicated:
September 30,
2023		June 30,
2023		March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022		September 30,
2022
Notional Volume (in billions)
Total Fully Electronic volume$14,051 $13,736 $13,571 $10,626 $10,471 
Total Hybrid volume67,96573,10974,49858,02265,404
Total Fully Electronic and Hybrid volume$82,016 $86,845 $88,069 $68,648 $75,875 
Transaction Count (in thousands, except for days)
Total Fully Electronic transactions4,385 4,351 4,550 3,913 3,905 
Total Hybrid transactions1,401 1,409 1,731 1,431 1,399 
Total Fully Electronic and Hybrid transactions5,786 5,760 6,281 5,344 5,304 
Trading days6364646464
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Note: Certain information may have been recast with current estimates to reflect changes in reporting methodology. Such revisions have no impact on the Company’s revenues or earnings.
Fully Electronic volume, including new products, was $14.1 trillion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $10.5 trillion for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Our Hybrid volume for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $68.0 trillion, compared to $65.4 trillion for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into arrangements with unconsolidated entities, including variable interest entities. See Note 14—“Investments” to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to our investments in unconsolidated entities.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
A summary of our “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” is included in Part II Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022. There were no significant changes made to the Company's critical accounting policies from those reported in the 2022 Annual report on Form 10-K. See below for updates to the Company's critical accounting policies due to newly issued compensation awards and other impacts as a result of the Corporate Conversion.
Equity-Based and Other Compensation
Discretionary Bonus: A portion of our compensation and employee benefits expense is comprised of discretionary bonuses, which may be paid in cash, equity, partnership awards or a combination thereof. We accrue expense in a period based on revenues in that period and on the expected combination of cash, equity and, prior to the Corporate Conversion, partnership units. Given the assumptions used in estimating discretionary bonuses, actual results may differ.
Restricted Stock Units: We account for equity-based compensation awards using the guidance in ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. RSUs provided to certain employees are accounted for as equity awards, and in
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accordance with the U.S. GAAP, we are required to record an expense for the portion of the RSUs that is ultimately expected to vest. Further, forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Because assumptions are used in estimating employee turnover and associated forfeiture rates, actual results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The fair value of RSU awards to employees is determined on the date of grant, based on the fair value of BGC Class A common stock. As part of employee compensation, we have granted both participating RSUs, which receive dividends, or non-participating RSUs. For non-participating RSUs, which do not receive dividend equivalents, we adjust the fair value of the RSUs for the present value of expected forgone dividends, which requires us to include an estimate of expected dividends as a valuation input. This grant-date fair value is amortized to expense ratably over the awards’ vesting periods.
For participating RSUs where dividends are paid during the vesting period or accumulated and paid to the employee upon vesting, the grant-date fair value of the award should not be reduced. As such, we do not adjust the fair value of the RSUs for the present value of expected forgone dividends. This grant-date fair value is amortized to expense ratably over the awards’ vesting periods.
For RSUs with graded vesting features, we have made an accounting policy election to recognize compensation cost on a straight-line basis. The amortization is reflected as part of “Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs” in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Restricted Stock: Restricted stock provided to certain employees is accounted for as an equity award, and as per the U.S. GAAP guidance, we are required to record an expense for the portion of the restricted stock that is ultimately expected to vest. We have granted restricted stock, prior to the Corporate Conversion, that is not subject to continued employment or service; however, transferability is subject to compliance with our and our affiliates’ customary noncompete obligations. Such shares of restricted stock are generally salable by partners in five to ten years. Because the restricted stock is not subject to continued employment or service, the grant-date fair value of the restricted stock is expensed on the date of grant. The expense is reflected as non-cash equity-based compensation expense in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result of the Corporate Conversion, the Company has also granted shares of unvested restricted stock, which are subject to continued employment or service with the Company or any affiliate or subsidiary of the company. The fair value of these restricted stock awards held by BGC employees is determined on the date of grant based on the market value of BGC Class A common stock adjusted as appropriate based upon the award’s ineligibility to receive dividends, as not all of these awards participate in receiving dividends, similar to the RSUs above. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock is amortized to expense ratably over the awards' expected vesting periods. The non-cash equity-based amortization expense is reflected as a component of "Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs" in the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Limited Partnership Units: Certain BGC employees held LPUs in BGC Holdings and hold LPUs in Newmark Holdings. Generally, such units received quarterly allocations of net income, which were cash distributed on a quarterly basis and generally contingent upon services being provided by the unit holders. In addition, Preferred Units were granted in connection with the grant of certain LPUs, such as PSUs, which may be granted exchangeability or redeemed in connection with the grant of shares of common stock to cover the withholding taxes owed by the unit holder upon such exchange or grant. This was an acceptable alternative to the common practice among public companies of issuing the gross amount of shares to employees, subject to cashless withholding of shares to pay applicable withholding taxes. Our Preferred Units were not entitled to participate in partnership distributions other than with respect to a distribution at a rate of either 0.6875% (which is 2.75% per calendar year) or such other amount as set forth in the award documentation. There were none of these LPUs or Preferred Units in BGC Holdings remaining after the Corporate Conversion was completed, while these LPUs and Preferred Units in Newmark Holdings held by BGC employees were not impacted by the Corporate Conversion. The quarterly allocations of net income on BGC Holdings LPUs held by BGC employees were reflected as a component of compensation expense under “Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs” in the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations prior to the Corporate Conversion, and quarterly allocations of net income on Newmark Holdings LPUs held by BGC employees, which were not impacted by the Corporate Conversion, are reflected as a component of compensation expense under "Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs" in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations..
Certain of these LPUs entitle the holders to receive post-termination payments equal to the notional amount, generally in four equal yearly installments after the holder’s termination. There were none of these LPUs in BGC Holdings remaining after the Corporate Conversion was completed, while these LPUs in Newmark Holdings held by BGC employees were not impacted by the Corporate Conversion. These LPUs are accounted for as post-termination liability awards under the U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, we recognize a liability for these units on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as part of “Accrued compensation” for the amortized portion of the post-termination payment amount, based on the current fair value of the expected future cash payout. We amortize the post-termination payment amount, less an expected forfeiture rate, over the vesting period, and record an expense for such awards based on the change in value at each reporting
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period in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as part of “Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs.”
Certain LPUs were granted exchangeability into shares of BGC or Newmark Class A common stock or were redeemed in connection with the grant of BGC or Newmark Class A common stock issued; BGC Class A common stock was issued on a one-for-one basis, and Newmark Class A common stock is issued based on the number of LPUs exchanged or redeemed multiplied by the then-current Exchange Ratio. At the time exchangeability was granted or shares of BGC or Newmark Class A common stock were issued, we recognized an expense based on the fair value of the award on that date, which was included in “Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs” in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were no LPUs in BGC Holdings remaining after the Corporate Conversion was completed, while LPUs in Newmark Holdings held by BGC employees were not impacted by the Corporate Conversion. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred equity-based compensation expense of $0.2 million and $32.5 million, respectively, related to LPUs and issuance of common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred equity-based compensation expense of $154.1 million and $83.1 million, respectively, related to LPUs and issuance of common stock.
Prior to the Corporate Conversion, certain LPUs had a stated vesting schedule and did not receive quarterly allocations of net income. Compensation expense related to these LPUs was recognized over the stated service period, and these units generally vest between two and five years. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred equity-based compensation expense related to these LPUs of $0.0 million and $19.0 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred equity-based compensation expense related to these LPUs of $40.9 million and $53.6 million, respectively. This expense is included in “Equity-based compensation and allocations of net income to limited partnership units and FPUs” in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Employee Loans: We have entered into various agreements with certain employees and partners whereby these individuals receive loans which may be either wholly or in part repaid from the distributions that the individuals receive on some or all of their LPUs in BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings, prior to the Corporate Conversion, and by distributions that the individuals receive on some or all of their LPUs in Newmark Holdings and any dividends paid on participating RSUs
and restricted stock awards, subsequent to the Corporate Conversion. Certain of these loans also may be either wholly or in part
repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the BGC employees’ shares of BGC Class A common stock. In addition, certain loans may be forgiven over a period of time. Cash advance distribution loans are documented in formal agreements and are repayable in timeframes outlined in the underlying agreements. We intend for these advances to be repaid in full from the future distributions on existing and future awards granted. The distributions are treated as compensation expense when made and the proceeds are used to repay the loan. The forgivable portion of any loans is recognized as compensation expense in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations over the life of the loan. We review the loan balances each reporting period for collectability. If we determine that the collectability of a portion of the loan balances is not expected, we recognize a reserve against the loan balances. Actual collectability of loan balances may differ from our estimates.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate balance of employee loans, net of reserve, was $348.5 million and $319.6 million, respectively, and is included as “Loans, forgivable loans and other receivables from employees and partners, net” in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Compensation expense (benefit) for the above-mentioned employee loans for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $10.2 million and $10.7 million, respectively. Compensation expense (benefit) for the above-mentioned employee loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $35.6 million and $35.1 million, respectively. The compensation expense related to these loans was included as part of “Compensation and employee benefits” in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 1—“Organization and Basis of Presentation” to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding recent accounting pronouncements.
CAPITAL DEPLOYMENT PRIORITIES, DIVIDEND POLICY AND REPURCHASE PROGRAM
BGC’s current capital allocation priorities are to use our liquidity to return capital to stockholders and to continue investing in its high growth Fenics businesses. BGC plans to prioritize share and repurchases over dividends. We have repurchased or redeemed 18.7 million shares or units during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Any dividends, if and when declared by our Board, will be paid on a quarterly basis. The dividend to our common stockholders is expected to be calculated based on a number of factors. No assurance can be made, however, that a dividend
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will be paid each quarter. The declaration, payment, timing, and amount of any future dividends payable by us will be at the sole discretion of our Board using the fully diluted share count.
We are a holding company, with no direct operations, and therefore we are able to pay dividends only from our available cash on hand and funds received from distributions from BGC U.S. OpCo and BGC Global OpCo. Our ability to pay dividends may also be limited by regulatory considerations as well as by covenants contained in financing or other agreements. In addition, under Delaware law, dividends may be payable only out of surplus, which is our net assets minus our capital (as defined under Delaware law), or, if we have no surplus, out of our net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding fiscal year. Accordingly, any unanticipated accounting, tax, regulatory or other charges against net income may adversely affect our ability to declare and pay dividends. While we intend to declare and pay dividends quarterly, there can be no assurance that our Board will declare dividends at all or on a regular basis or that the amount of our dividends will not change.
OUR ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Stock Ownership
Dual Class Equity Structure of BGC Group, Inc. We have a dual class equity structure, consisting of shares of BGC Class A common stock and BGC Class B common stock.
BGC Class A common stock. Each share of BGC Class A common stock is generally entitled to one vote on matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. As of September 30, 2023, there were 397.2 million shares of BGC Class A common stock issued and 389.9 million shares outstanding. On June 21, 2017, Cantor pledged 10.0 million shares of BGC Class A common stock in connection with a partner loan program. On November 23, 2018, those shares of BGC Class A common stock were converted into 10.0 million shares of BGC Class B common stock and remain pledged in connection with the partner loan program, as amended and restated effective as of October 5, 2023 with such modifications thereto as necessary to reflect the Corporate Conversion.
On July 2, 2023, Cantor distributed an aggregate of 15.8 million July 2023 distribution shares, which were shares of Class B common stock held by it, in satisfaction of its remaining deferred share distribution obligations pursuant to the April 2008 distribution rights shares and the February 2012 distribution rights shares. 14.0 million of the July 2023 distribution shares were distributed to satisfy April 2008 distribution rights shares and 1.8 million of the July 2023 distribution shares were distributed to satisfy February 2012 distribution rights shares. 15.4 million of the July 2023 distribution shares will remain Class B common stock in the hands of the recipient, and 0.4 million of such shares were converted into an equivalent number of shares of Class A common stock in the hands of the recipient pursuant to the terms of BGC Group’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Upon distribution of the July 2023 distribution shares, Cantor satisfied all obligations to deliver shares of common stock to satisfy the April 2008 distribution rights shares and February 2012 distribution rights shares, and had distributed to its current and former partners an aggregate of 31.3 million shares of BGC Class A common stock, consisting of (i) 19.7 million April 2008 distribution rights shares, and (ii) 1.6 million February 2012 distribution rights shares.
From time to time, we may actively continue to repurchase shares of our Class A common stock including from Cantor, Newmark, our executive officers, other employees and others.
BGC Class B common stock. Each share of BGC Class B common stock is generally entitled to the same rights as a share of BGC Class A common stock, except that, on matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders, each share of BGC Class B common stock is entitled to 10 votes. The BGC Class B common stock generally votes together with the BGC Class A common stock on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. We expect to retain and have no plans to change our dual class structure. On November 23, 2018, BGC Group issued 10.3 million shares of BGC Class B common stock to Cantor and 0.7 million shares of BGC Class B common stock to CFGM, an affiliate of Cantor, in each case in exchange for shares of BGC Class A common stock from Cantor and CFGM, respectively, on a one-to-one basis pursuant to Cantor’s and CFGM’s right to exchange such shares under the Exchange Agreement. Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, no additional consideration was paid to BGC Group by Cantor or CFGM for the Class B Issuance. The Class B Issuance was exempt from registration pursuant to Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act.
Shares of BGC Class B common stock are convertible into shares of BGC Class A common stock at any time in the discretion of the holder on a one-for-one basis.
BGC Partners, Inc. Partnership Structure Prior to the Corporate Conversion
The following discussion of our partnership structure pertains to the Company prior to the Corporate Conversion that was completed on July 1, 2023, and describes the partnership structure as it existed prior to the Corporate Conversion. For more information regarding the Company and the completion of its Corporate Conversion, see “Corporate Conversion” herein, and
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Note 1—“Organization and Basis of Presentation” to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
We are a holding company with no direct operations, and our business operated through two operating partnerships, BGC U.S. OpCo, which holds our U.S. businesses, and BGC Global OpCo, which holds our non-U.S. businesses. The limited partnership interests of the two operating partnerships are held by us and BGC Holdings, and prior to the Corporate Conversion, the limited partnership interests of BGC Holdings were held by LPU holders, Founding Partners, and Cantor. We held the BGC Holdings general partnership interest and the BGC Holdings special voting limited partnership interest, which entitled us to remove and appoint the general partner of BGC Holdings, and served as the general partner of BGC Holdings, which entitled us to control BGC Holdings. BGC Holdings, in turn, held the BGC U.S. OpCo general partnership interest and the BGC U.S. OpCo special voting limited partnership interest, which entitled the holder thereof to remove and appoint the general partner of BGC U.S. OpCo, and the BGC Global OpCo general partnership interest and the BGC Global OpCo special voting limited partnership interest, which entitled the holder thereof to remove and appoint the general partner of BGC Global OpCo, and served as the general partner of BGC U.S. OpCo and BGC Global OpCo, all of which entitled BGC Holdings (and thereby us) to control each of BGC U.S. OpCo and BGC Global OpCo. BGC Holdings held its BGC Global OpCo general partnership interest through a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, BGC Global Holdings GP Limited.
As of June 30, 2023, we held directly and indirectly, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, 397.9 million BGC U.S. OpCo limited partnership units and 397.9 million BGC Global OpCo limited partnership units, representing approximately 82.9% of the outstanding limited partnership units in both BGC U.S. OpCo and BGC Global OpCo. As of that date, BGC Holdings held 81.9 million BGC U.S. OpCo limited partnership units and 81.9 million BGC Global OpCo limited partnership units, representing approximately 17.1% of the outstanding limited partnership units in both BGC U.S. OpCo and BGC Global OpCo.
LPU holders, Founding Partners, and Cantor directly held BGC Holdings limited partnership interests. Since BGC Holdings in turn held BGC U.S. OpCo limited partnership interests and BGC Global OpCo limited partnership interests, LPU holders, Founding Partners, and Cantor indirectly had interests in BGC U.S. OpCo limited partnership interests and BGC Global OpCo limited partnership interests. Further, in connection with the Separation and Distribution Agreement, limited partnership interests in Newmark Holdings were distributed to the holders of limited partnership interests in BGC Holdings, whereby each holder of BGC Holdings limited partnership interests who at that time held a BGC Holdings limited partnership interest received a corresponding Newmark Holdings limited partnership interest, equal in number to a BGC Holdings limited partnership interest divided by 2.2 (i.e., 0.4545 of a unit in Newmark Holdings). Accordingly, existing partners at the time of the Separation in BGC Holdings are also partners in Newmark Holdings and hold corresponding units issued at the applicable ratio. Thus, such partners have an indirect interest in Newmark OpCo.
As of June 30, 2023, excluding Preferred Units and N Units as described above, outstanding BGC Holdings partnership interests included 21.8 million LPUs and 64.0 million Cantor units. There were no FPUs outstanding as of June 30, 2023.
As of June 30, 2023, Cantor units in BGC Holdings were generally exchangeable for up to 23.6 million shares of BGC Class B common stock (or, at Cantor’s option or if there are no such additional authorized but unissued shares of our Class B common stock, BGC Class A common stock) on a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustments). Upon certain circumstances, Cantor had the right to acquire additional Cantor units in connection with the redemption of or grant of exchangeability to certain non-exchangeable BGC Holdings FPUs owned by persons who were previously Cantor partners prior to our 2008 acquisition of the BGC business from Cantor. Cantor has exercised this right from time to time.
On April 16, 2023, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate of 533,757 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $1,051,080 as a result of the redemption of 533,757 FPUs, and 85,775 Cantor units for aggregate consideration of $173,154 as a result of the exchange of 85,775 FPUs. On June 30, 2023, Cantor purchased from BGC Holdings an aggregate of 5,425,209 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $9,715,772 as a result of the redemption of 5,425,209 FPUs, and 324,223 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $598,712 as a result of the exchange of 324,223 FPUs. Following such purchases, as of June 30, 2023, there were no FPUs in BGC Holdings.
In order to facilitate partner compensation and for other corporate purposes, the BGC Holdings limited partnership agreement provided for Preferred Units, which are Working Partner units that may be awarded to holders of, or contemporaneous with the grant of, PSUs, PSIs, PSEs, LPUs, APSUs, APSIs, APSEs, REUs, RPUs, AREUs, and ARPUs. These Preferred Units carry the same name as the underlying unit, with the insertion of an additional “P” to designate them as Preferred Units.
Such Preferred Units may not be made exchangeable into BGC Class A common stock and accordingly were not included in the fully diluted share count. Each quarter, the net profits of BGC Holdings were allocated to such Units at a rate of either 0.6875% (which is 2.75% per calendar year) of the allocation amount assigned to them based on their award price, or such other amount as set forth in the award documentation, before calculation and distribution of the quarterly BGC Holdings
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distribution for the remaining BGC Holdings units. The Preferred Units were not entitled to participate in BGC Holdings distributions other than with respect to the Preferred Distribution. As of June 30, 2023, there were 29.5 million such units, including Preferred N Units, granted and outstanding.
On June 5, 2015, we entered into the Exchange Agreement providing Cantor, CFGM and other Cantor affiliates entitled to hold BGC Class B common stock the right to exchange from time to time, on a one-to-one basis, subject to adjustment, up to an aggregate of 34.6 million shares of BGC Class A common stock then owned or subsequently acquired by such Cantor entities for up to an aggregate of 34.6 million shares of BGC Class B common stock. Such shares of BGC Class B common stock, which could be acquired upon the exchange of exchangeable LPUs owned in BGC Holdings, were already included in the Company’s fully diluted share count. The Exchange Agreement enabled the Cantor entities to acquire the same number of shares of BGC Class B common stock that they were already entitled to acquire without having to exchange their exchangeable LPUs in our Holdings.
Under the Exchange Agreement, Cantor and CFGM had the right to exchange shares of BGC Class A common stock owned by them for the same number of shares of BGC Class B common stock. As of June 30, 2023, Cantor and CFGM did not own any shares of BGC Class A common stock.
We and Cantor have agreed that any shares of BGC Class B common stock issued in connection with the Exchange Agreement would be deducted from the aggregate number of shares of BGC Class B common stock that may be issued to the Cantor entities upon exchange of exchangeable LPUs in BGC Holdings. Accordingly, the Cantor entities would not be entitled to receive any more shares of BGC Class B common stock under this agreement than they were otherwise eligible to receive upon exchange of exchangeable LPUs.
Non-distributing partnership units, or N Units, carry the same name as the underlying unit with the insertion of an additional “N” to designate them as the N Unit type and are designated as NREUs, NPREUs, NLPUs, NPLPUs and NPPSUs. The N Units were not entitled to participate in BGC Holdings distributions, would not be allocated any items of profit or loss and could not be made exchangeable into shares of BGC Class A common stock. Subject to the approval of the Compensation Committee or its designee, certain N Units could be converted into the underlying unit type (i.e., an NREU may be converted into an REU) and then participate in BGC Holdings distributions, subject to terms and conditions determined by us as the general partner of BGC Holdings, in our sole discretion, including that the recipient continue to provide substantial services to us and comply with his or her partnership obligations.
On December 13, 2017, the Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Partnership Agreement was amended and restated a second time to include prior standalone amendments and to make certain other changes related to the Separation. The Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Partnership Agreement, among other things, reflects changes resulting from the division in the Separation of BGC Holdings into BGC Holdings and Newmark Holdings, including:
•an apportionment of the existing economic attributes (including, among others, capital accounts and post-termination payments) of each BGC Holdings LPU outstanding immediately prior to the Separation between such Legacy BGC Holdings Unit and the 0.4545 of a Newmark Holdings LPU issued in the Separation in respect of each such Legacy BGC Holdings Unit, based on the relative value of BGC and Newmark as of after the Newmark IPO; and
•a right of the employer of a partner to determine whether to grant exchangeability with respect to Legacy BGC Holdings Units held by such partner.
The Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement also removed certain classes of BGC Holdings units that are no longer outstanding, and permits the general partner of BGC Holdings to determine the total number of authorized BGC Holdings units. The Second Amended and Restated BGC Holdings Limited Partnership Agreement was approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company.
Corporate Conversion
On July 1, 2023, the Company completed its Corporate Conversion to a Full C-Corporation in order to reorganize and simplify its organizational structure. As a result of the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group became the public holding company for, and successor to, BGC Partners, and its Class A common stock began trading on Nasdaq, in place of BGC Partners’ Class A common stock, under the ticker symbol “BGC.” Upon completion of the Corporate Conversion, the former stockholders of BGC Partners, Inc. and the former limited partners of BGC Holdings, L.P. now participate in the economics of the BGC businesses through BGC Group, Inc.
Effective as of 12:01 a.m., Eastern Time, on July 1, 2023, BGC Holdings reorganized from a Delaware limited partnership into a Delaware limited liability company through a merger with and into Holdings Merger Sub, with Holdings Merger Sub continuing as a direct subsidiary of BGC Partners. Effective as of 12:02 a.m., Eastern Time, on July 1, 2023,
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Merger Sub 1 merged with and into BGC Partners, with BGC Partners continuing as a direct subsidiary of BGC Group. At the same time, Merger Sub 2 merged with and into Holdings Merger Sub, with Holdings Merger Sub continuing as a subsidiary of BGC Group. As a result of the Corporate Conversion Mergers, BGC Partners and BGC Holdings became wholly owned subsidiaries of BGC Group.
In the Holdings Reorganization Merger, each unit of BGC Holdings outstanding as of immediately prior to the Holdings Reorganization Merger was converted into a substantially equivalent equity interest in Holdings Merger Sub.
In the Corporate Merger, each share of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Partners and each share of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Partners outstanding was converted into one share of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Group and one share of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of BGC Group, respectively.
In connection with, but prior to the Corporate Conversion, the Company completed various transactions which included:
•the redemption of certain non-exchangeable limited partnership units in connection with the issuance of shares of BGC Partners Class A common stock and the accompanying tax payments, which led to an equity-based compensation charge of $60.9 million;
•the exchange of the remaining 1.5 million exchangeable limited partnership units of BGC Holdings held by employees on June 30, 2023, for 1.0 million shares, after tax withholding, of BGC Partners Class A common stock;
•the redemption of certain non-exchangeable limited partnership units of BGC Holdings held by employees and issuance of 16.9 million BGC Partners RSUs on a one-for-one basis on June 30, 2023;
•the redemption of certain non-exchangeable Preferred Units of BGC Holdings held by employees and issuance of $49.2 million of BGC Partners RSU Tax Accounts on June 30, 2023, based on the fixed cash value of the Preferred Units redeemed;
•the redemption of the remaining 5.6 million non-exchangeable FPUs and issuances of BGC Partners RSUs on a one-for-one basis on June 30, 2023, which in turn reduced the “Redeemable Partnership Interest” to zero with an offsetting impact to “Total equity” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of June 30, 2023; and
•the purchase on June 30, 2023 by Cantor from BGC Holdings of an aggregate of 5,425,209 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $9,715,772 as a result of the redemption of 5,425,209 FPUs, and 324,223 Cantor units for an aggregate consideration of $598,712 as a result of the exchange of 324,223 FPUs.
As a result of the Corporate Conversion:
•64.0 million Cantor units, including 5.7 million purchased on June 30, 2023, were converted into shares of BGC Group Class B common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the Corporate Conversion Agreement, provided that a portion of the 64.0 million shares of BGC Group Class B common stock issued to Cantor will exchange into BGC Group Class A common stock in the event that BGC Group does not issue at least $75,000,000 in shares of BGC Group Class A or B common stock in connection with certain acquisition transactions prior to the seventh anniversary of the Corporate Conversion;
•BGC Group assumed all BGC Partners RSUs, RSU Tax Accounts or restricted stock awards outstanding as of June 30, 2023; and
•non-exchangeable limited partnership units of BGC Holdings were converted into equity awards denominated in cash, restricted stock and/or RSUs of BGC Group, each as further set forth in the Corporate Conversion Agreement. BGC Group granted 38.6 million restricted stock awards, 25.3 million RSUs, and $74.0 million of RSU Tax Accounts upon the conversion of the non-exchangeable shares of Holdings Merger Sub.
There were no limited partnership units of BGC Holdings remaining after the Corporate Conversion was completed.
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POST-CORPORATE CONVERSION TRANSACTIONS STRUCTURE OF BGC GROUP, INC. AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
The following diagram illustrates our organizational structure as of September 30, 2023. The diagram does not reflect the various subsidiaries of BGC Partners, BGC U.S. OpCo, BGC Global OpCo, or Cantor, or the noncontrolling interests in our consolidated subsidiaries. The diagram also does not reflect certain ownership of BGC Group as follows: (a) 26.6 million shares of BGC Group Class A restricted common stock as these are not entitled to receive any dividends (included for voting power of BGC Group); (b) 11.9 million assumed RSUs; (c) 42.1 million RSUs converted from former partners’ units in BGC Holdings; (d) 8.3 million RSUs issued in relation to employee compensation; (e) 6.1 million contingent shares to be issued to terminated employees per their respective separation agreements; and (f) 0.8 million contingent shares issued in exchange for acquisition units.
Org Chart V4.jpg
* Percentage includes restricted shares issued in exchange for former partners’ units in BGC Holdings.
** BGG Partners is a wholly owned subsidiary of BGC Group and consolidated with other wholly and non wholly owned subsidiaries
The diagram reflects the following activity of BGC Class A common stock, BGC Class B common stock, and BGC Holdings partnership unit activity from July 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023 as follows: (a) 64.0 million shares of BGC Class B common stock issued to Cantor in exchange for Cantor’s 64.0 million BGC Holdings partnership units; (b) 5.8 million shares of restricted BGC Class A common stock issued for limited partnership interests; (c) 15.8 million shares of BGC Class B common stock distributed by Cantor in satisfaction of its remaining deferred share distribution obligations pursuant to distribution rights provided to certain current and former partners of Cantor; (d) the restriction released on 6.2 million shares of BGC Class A common stock; (e) 0.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock which were converted from 0.4 million shares of Class B common stock distributed by Cantor in satisfaction of its remaining deferred share distribution obligations pursuant to distribution rights provided to certain current and former partners of Cantor; (f) 8.1 million shares of BGC Class A common stock repurchased by us; and (g) 6.1 million shares of BGC Class A common stock issued for vested RSUs; (h) 0.4 million shares of BGC Class A common stock issued for contingent shares issued in exchange for acquisition units; and (i) 0.3 million shares of BGC Class A common stock issued for contingent shares issued in exchange for former partners’ units in BGC Holdings. No shares of Class A common stock were issued by us under our acquisition shelf 2019 S-4 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-233761) between July 1, 2023 and September 30, 2023; 17.7 million of such shares remain available for issuance by us under such Registration Statement. Also, an immaterial number of shares of Class A common stock
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were issued by us under our DRIP Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-173109) between July 1, 2023 and September 30, 2023; 9.2 million of such shares remain available for issuance by us under the DRIP Registration Statement.
On July 3, 2023, in connection with the Corporate Conversion, BGC Group, Inc. filed a post-effective amendment to the March 2021 Form S-3, pursuant to which it adopted the March 2021 Form S-3 as its own registration. Also on July 3, 2023, BGC Group, Inc. assumed the July 2023 Sales Agreement. We may sell up to an aggregate of $300.0 million of shares of BGC Class A common stock pursuant to the terms of the July 2023 Sales Agreement. Under this Sales Agreement, we agreed to pay CF&Co 2% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares.
ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Credit Risk
Credit risk arises from potential non-performance by counterparties and customers. BGC has established policies and procedures to manage its exposure to credit risk. BGC maintains a thorough credit approval process to limit exposure to counterparty risk and employs stringent monitoring to control the counterparty risk from its matched principal and agency businesses. BGC’s account opening and counterparty approval process includes verification of key customer identification, anti-money laundering verification checks and a credit review of financial and operating data. The credit review process includes establishing an internal credit rating and any other information deemed necessary to make an informed credit decision, which may include correspondence, due diligence calls and a visit to the entity’s premises, as necessary.
Credit approval is granted subject to certain trading limits and may be subject to additional conditions, such as the receipt of collateral or other credit support. Ongoing credit monitoring procedures include reviewing periodic financial statements and publicly available information on the client and collecting data from credit rating agencies, where available, to assess the ongoing financial condition of the client.
In addition, BGC incurs limited credit risk related to certain brokerage activities. The counterparty risk relates to the collectability of the outstanding brokerage fee receivables. The review process includes monitoring both the clients and the related brokerage receivables. The review includes an evaluation of the ongoing collection process and an aging analysis of the brokerage receivables.
Principal Transaction Risk
Through its subsidiaries, BGC executes matched principal transactions in which it acts as a “middleman” by serving as counterparty to both a buyer and a seller in matching back-to-back trades. These transactions are then settled through a recognized settlement system or third-party clearing organization. Settlement typically occurs within one to three business days after the trade date. Cash settlement of the transaction occurs upon receipt or delivery of the underlying instrument that was traded. BGC generally avoids settlement of principal transactions on a free-of-payment basis or by physical delivery of the underlying instrument. However, free-of-payment transactions may occur on a very limited basis.
The number of matched principal trades BGC executes has continued to grow as compared to prior years. Receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers and Payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, customers and related broker-dealers on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition primarily represent the simultaneous purchase and sale of the securities associated with those matched principal transactions that have not settled as of their stated settlement dates. BGC’s experience has been that substantially all of these transactions ultimately settle at the contracted amounts, however, the ability to settle has the potential to be impacted by unforeseen circumstances.
Market Risk
Market risk refers to the risk that a change in the level of one or more market prices, rates, indices or other factors will result in losses for a specified position. BGC may allow certain of its desks to enter into unmatched principal transactions in the ordinary course of business and hold long and short inventory positions. These transactions are primarily for the purpose of facilitating clients’ execution needs, adding liquidity to a market or attracting additional order flow. As a result, BGC may have market risk exposure on these transactions. BGC’s exposure varies based on the size of its overall positions, the risk characteristics of the instruments held and the amount of time the positions are held before they are disposed of. BGC has limited ability to track its exposure to market risk and unmatched positions on an intra-day basis; however, it attempts to mitigate its market risk on these positions by strict risk limits, extremely limited holding periods and hedging its exposure. These positions are intended to be held short term to facilitate customer transactions. However, due to a number of factors, including the nature of the position and access to the market on which it trades, BGC may not be able to unwind the position
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and it may be forced to hold the position for a longer period than anticipated. All positions held longer than intra-day are marked to market.
We also have Financial instruments owned, at fair value, of $45.5 million as of September 30, 2023. These include investments in equity securities, which are publicly-traded. Investments in equity securities carry a degree of risk, as there can be no assurance that the equity securities will not lose value and, in general, securities markets can be volatile and unpredictable. As a result of these different market risks, our holdings of equity securities could be materially and adversely affected. We may seek to minimize the effect of price changes on a portion of our investments in equity securities through the use of derivative contracts. However, there can be no assurance that our hedging activities will be adequate to protect us against price risks associated with our investments in equity securities. See Note 11—“Derivatives” and Note 12—“Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities” to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information regarding these investments and related hedging activities.
Our risk management procedures and strict limits are designed to monitor and limit the risk of unintended loss and have been effective in the past. However, there is no assurance that these procedures and limits will be effective at limiting unanticipated losses in the future. Adverse movements in the securities positions or a downturn or disruption in the markets for these positions could result in a substantial loss. In addition, principal gains and losses resulting from these positions could on occasion have a disproportionate effect, positive or negative, on BGC’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Condition and Results of Operations for any particular reporting period.
Operational Risk
Our businesses are highly dependent on our ability to process a large number of transactions across numerous and diverse markets in many currencies on a daily basis. If any of our data processing systems do not operate properly or are disabled or if there are other shortcomings or failures in our internal processes, people or systems, we could suffer impairment to our liquidity, financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. These systems may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, including cybersecurity incidents, a disruption of electrical or communications services or our inability to occupy one or more of our buildings. The inability of our systems to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions could also constrain our ability to expand our businesses.
In addition, despite our contingency plans, our ability to conduct business may be adversely impacted by a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our businesses and the communities in which they are located. This may include a disruption involving electrical, communications, transportation or other services used by us or third parties with whom we conduct business.
Further, our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information on our computer systems and networks. Although we take protective measures such as software programs, firewalls and similar technology to maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our and our clients’ information, the nature of the threats continue to evolve. As a result, our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, loss or destruction of data (including confidential client information), account takeovers, unavailability or disruption of service, computer viruses, acts of vandalism, or other malicious code, cyber-attacks and other events that could have an adverse security impact. There have also been an increasing number of malicious cyber incidents in recent years in various industries, including ours. Any such cyber incidents involving our computer systems and networks, or those of third parties important to our businesses, could present risks to our operations.
Foreign Currency Risk
BGC is exposed to risks associated with changes in FX rates. Changes in FX rates create volatility in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the Company’s revenues and expenses. In addition, changes in the remeasurement of BGC’s foreign currency denominated financial assets and liabilities are recorded as part of its results of operations and fluctuate with changes in foreign currency rates. BGC monitors the net exposure in foreign currencies on a daily basis and hedges its exposure as deemed appropriate with highly rated major financial institutions.
The majority of the Company’s foreign currency exposure is related to the U.S. dollar versus the pound sterling and the euro. For the financial assets and liabilities denominated in the pound sterling and euro, including foreign currency hedge positions related to these currencies, we evaluated the effects of a 10% shift in exchange rates between those currencies and the U.S. dollar, holding all other assumptions constant. The analysis used the stress-tested scenario as the U.S. dollar strengthening against both the euro and the pound sterling. If as of September 30, 2023, the U.S. dollar had strengthened against both the euro and the pound sterling by 10%, the currency movements would have had an aggregate negative impact on our net income of approximately $4.5 million.
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Interest Rate Risk
BGC had $950.0 million in fixed-rate debt outstanding as of September 30, 2023. These debt obligations are not currently subject to fluctuations in interest rates, although in the event of refinancing or issuance of new debt, such debt could be subject to changes in interest rates. In addition, as of September 30, 2023, BGC had $240.0 million borrowings outstanding under its Revolving Credit Agreement. The Revolving Credit Agreement interest rate on borrowings is based on SOFR or a defined base rate plus additional margin.
BGC had $950.0 million in fixed-rate debt outstanding as of November 7, 2023 with a weighted-average interest rate of 5.513%. These debt obligations are not currently subject to fluctuations in interest rates, although in the event of refinancing or issuance of new debt, such debt could be subject to changes in interest rates. In addition, as of November 7, 2023, BGC had $240.0 million in borrowings outstanding under its Revolving Credit Agreement. The Revolving Credit Agreement interest rate on borrowings is based on SOFR and is subject to fluctuations in SOFR.
Disaster Recovery
Our processes address disaster recovery concerns. We operate most of our technology from U.S. and U.K. primary data centers. Either site alone is typically capable of running all of our essential systems. Replicated instances of this technology are maintained in our redundant data centers. Our data centers are generally built and equipped to best-practice standards of physical security with appropriate environmental monitoring and safeguards. BGC Technology conducts annual disaster recovery training exercises for each primary data center where failover procedures are tested against defined Recovery Time Objectives (RTOs).
ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company is recorded, processed, accumulated, summarized and communicated to its management, including its Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. The Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023. Based on that evaluation, the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information required by this Item is set forth in Note 19—“Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees” to the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and under the heading “Legal Proceedings” included in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and is incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.
ITEM 2.        UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The information required by this Item is set forth in Note 7— “Stock Transactions and Unit Redemptions” to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and is incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION
10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers informed the Company of the adoption or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.
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ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS
The exhibit index set forth below is incorporated by reference in response to this Item 6.
Exhibit
Number		Exhibit Title
2.1
2.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6

10.7

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10.8
10.9
10.10

31.1
31.2
32
101
The following materials from BGC Group’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 are formatted in inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, and (vi) Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The XBRL Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the iXBRL document.
104The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).
*Certain schedules and exhibits omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. BGC Group agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
BGC Group, Inc.
/ S / HOWARD W. LUTNICK
Name:Howard W. Lutnick
Title:Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer
/ S / JASON W. HAUF
Name:Jason W. Hauf
Title:Chief Financial Officer
Date: November 9, 2023
[Signature page to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 dated November 9, 2023.]
123

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Howard W. Lutnick, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of BGC Group, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the Audit Committee of the registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ HOWARD W. LUTNICK
Howard W. Lutnick
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 9, 2023

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Jason W. Hauf, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of BGC Group, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the Audit Committee of registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ JASON W. HAUF
Jason W. Hauf
Chief Financial Officer
Date: November 9, 2023

Exhibit 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the report of BGC Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, each of Howard W. Lutnick, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Jason W. Hauf, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:
(1) The Form 10-Q fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
/s/ HOWARD W. LUTNICK
/s/ JASON W. HAUF
Name:Howard W. LutnickName:Jason W. Hauf
Title:Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive OfficerTitle:Chief Financial Officer
Date: November 9, 2023